BONE, JOINTS AND

MUSCLE INJURIES

 
Objectives:

 To be able to identify the

different types of muscle, joint
and bone injuries
 To know how to care for such
injuries
Introduction:

Injuries to the muscle, joint and bone

range from minor to severe, for example;
muscles and ligaments are made of
separate fibers, and they can be stretch,
tear if over stressed; bones are rigid and
can be fractured when they break or
split.
Common Causes:

 Vehicular Accident
 Mishandling of tools and
equipment
 Falls
 Sports
Classification:
 Muscle Cramps
 Muscle Strain
 Contusion
 Sprain
 Dislocation
 Fractures
Muscle Injuries: “CRAMPS”
 Occurs when a muscle goes into an
uncontrolled spasm and contraction.

Categories of Cramps;
 Night cramps
 Includes any cramps occurs at night or
while at rest.
 Heat cramps
 Related to dehydration and electrolyte
imbalance
Recognizing Cramps:

 Sudden, severe pain, usually in

the legs.
 A knotting of muscles may be
felt or seen.
 Restricts movement.
Muscle Cramps:
E.C.
 Stretch-out the affected area
 Relax the muscle by massaging it
 Apply warm compress
 Drink salted cool water or sports
drink
Muscle Injuries: “STRAIN”
 AKA pulled muscle, occurs when it stretched
beyond its normal range of motion & tears the
muscle.

Recognizing Strain:
 Sharp pain
 Tenderness
 Swelling
 Weakness
 Stiffness when moved
 Muscle Strain:
E.C. – use the RICE procedure:
 R-est
 I-ce/cold compress
 C-are for shock
 E-levate the affected
Muscle Injuries: “CONTUSIONS”

 Muscle contusion or bruise – results

from a blow to the muscle.

Recognizing Contusions:
 Pain & Tenderness
 Swelling
 After few days, the affected area
discoloured due to bleeding
 Contusions:

E.C. – use the RICE procedure:

 R-est
 I-ce/cold compress
 C-are for shock
 E-levate the affected
Joint Injuries: “SPRAIN”
 Occurs when a joint is twisted or stretched
beyond its normal range of motion.

Recognizing Sprain:
 Severe pain
 Limited movement
 Swelling
 Discoloration
Sprain:
E.C.
 Remove or loosen clothing or jewelry
on injured part
 Apply cold compress for 20 mins.
reapetively every 3-4 hrs.
 Elevate affected part
 Get medical help if great pain occurs
or body part is not working properly
Joint Injuries: “DISLOCATION”
 Occurs when a joint comes apart &
stays apart with the bone ends no
longer in contact.

Recognizing Dislocation:
 Similar to fracture
 Inability to move affected joint
 Deformity or looks different from
uninjured joint
Dislocation:
E.C.
 Expose & examine the injury site
 Splint on its own position
 Apply ice or cold pack
 Call Rescue/Medical Responder
Bone Injuries: “FRACTURE”
 A break or crack in a bone.

Categories of Fractures:
 Closed fracture
 The skin is intact, but bone is
broken inside.
 Open fracture
 The skin over the fracture was
broken
Recognizing Fractures:
 Assess for D-O-T-S
 Deformity
 Open wound
 Tenderness
 Swelling
 Additional signs & symptoms
 May or may not loss pulse
 May loss its function
 Numbness
Fracture:
E.C.
 Expose & examine the injury site
 Keep the victim still
 If open fracture, take steps to prevent
infection
 Take steps to prevent shock
 Apply splints on injured part
 Call CDRRMC (284-8211)
QUESTION?
SPLINTING

By:
PHILIP JUNE R. CAMINADE
EMS
Splinting:

• A procedure in immobilizing an
injured body part and to keep it
from moving
• Protecting the injured body part
from further damage
 Reminders:
• Always check the PMS before
and after splinting
• Always care for open wounds
before applying a splint
• Splint an injury which you found
it
 Reminders:
• In securing the splint always tie
above & below the injured area
and avoid tying a knot on top of
the injury
• Splints must be long enough to
immobilize the injury properly
 Supporting materials in
splinting:
• Bandages
• Pads
• Plasters
 Kinds of Splints:
• Anatomical splints
• Soft splints
• Rigid splints
 Procedures:
• Using Body Part (Anatomical
Splints)
- for immobilizing a nearby
injured body part
Procedures:
• Using Pads (Soft Splints)
- for comfortable support to
injured body part
Procedures:
• Using Rigid Splints
- for the injured upper or
lower extremities
THANK YOU!!!