Bio heat transfer Simulation of Human Eye

Using Finite Element Method

Mridul Sannyal
S.M. Kamrul Hasan
Abul Mukid Mohammad Mukaddes
Shshruque Bin Khaled

Department of Industrial and Production Engineering

Shahjalal University of Science & Technology

 Overview

• Background
• Bio Heat Transfer
• Finite Element Discretization
• Numerical Analysis and Result
• Summary

2
 Background

Radiation Cataract Laser Eye Surgery

(Prolonged Exposure to radiation)

Thermal Effect of Contact Lens

 Background

Experimental Study:
Animal Experiment/ Donor eye obtained postmortem
 Does not contain actual pschycological condition of the eye
 Hazardous, Costly, Non-Ethical

Infared Thermography: Experimental Study

Presence of misreading when in case of narrow range.

Analytical Study:
Very Tough in Practice

Numerical Study:
 Widely used for complex geometry and inhomogeneity
 Need to verify with analytical or experimental study
 Less effort and better understanding
Infrared Thermography
 Purpose of study

 To develop a mathematical model of the

human eye

 Calculate results simulation extreme hot and

cold weather conditions

 Carry out a sensitivity analysis to know the effect of

various control parameter in the eye temperature
 Bio Heat Transfer
Pennes Bioheat Equation : Internal heat ρ = Density of tissue
generation
T (Metabolism) C= Specific Heat of tissue
c     K T   b  b Cb (Ta  T )  Qm  Qr ρb = Density of blood
t
Cb = Specific of blood
Blood
perfusion External Heat

Boundary conditions:
𝜕𝑇
=h0 ( 𝑇 − 𝑇 𝑏 )+ 𝜎𝜖 ( 𝑇 − 𝑇 0 ) + 𝐸
4 4
−𝐾
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑇
−𝐾 =h (𝑇 −𝑇 𝑏 )
𝜕𝑥 𝑏

Ref: Pennes, Harry H. "Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm." Journal of
7
applied physiology 1.2 (1948):
 Finite Element Discretization

𝜕2 𝑇 𝜕2 𝑇
Governing Equation 𝑘 2
+𝑘 2
+𝐶𝑇 +𝑞=0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Weak Form
𝐴
[
0=∫ 𝑊 𝜌 𝑐
𝜕𝑇
𝜕𝑡
+𝐾
𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑤
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
+𝐾
𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑤
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 ]
+𝐶𝑊𝑇 − 𝑓𝑊 𝑑𝐴− 𝑊 ∮ 𝑘
Γ 𝜕(
𝜕𝑇
𝑥
𝜂 𝑥+
𝜕𝑇
𝜕 𝑦
𝜂

Matrix Form
Equation [ 𝐶 ] { 𝑇˙ }+ [ 𝐾 ] {𝑇 }= {𝑞 }+{𝑄 }

Crank Nikolson 𝑇 𝑛+1 −𝑇 𝑛

𝐶 +𝛼 𝐾 𝑇 𝑛+1 + ( 1− 𝛼 ) 𝐾 𝑇 𝑛=𝑄 +𝑞
Method ∆𝑇
 Numerical Analysis and Results

Tissue Thermal Blood Perfusion Metabolic Rate, Density Specific heat

Conductivity K ω [ml/s/ml] Qm(W/m3) ρ(Kg/ m3) C(J/Kg °C)
(W/m °C)
 

Cornea 0.58 0 0 1050 4178

Aqueous humor 0.578 0 0 996 3997

Lens 0.40 0 0 1050 3000

Vitreous humor 0.603 0 0 1000 4178

Retina 0.565 0.012 1000 1050 3680

Sclera 1.0042 0 0 1100 3180
 Numerical Analysis and Results
 Steady State Temperature distribution in human eye

Temperature along Pupillary axis

Steady State Temperature

Temperature along Vertical axis

 Numerical Analysis and Results
 Steady State Temperature distribution in human eye
(Effect of Blood perfusion and Metabolism)
0.35
0.3
0.25

Temperature ( 0C)
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance x(mm)

Effect of Blood Perfusion and Metabolism

Blood perfusion and metabolism increase the temperature of the whole eye
Maximum temperature increases at the position of the retina
 Numerical Analysis and Results
 Steady State Temperature distribution in human eye
(Comparison with other experimental and numerical results)

Comparison with Other Numerical and Analytical Results

Author Method Temperature

Temperature of the centre of cornea (0C)

37

This Study FEM [1D] 32.20C 35

34.8
34.3
33.63 33.65 33.63
FEM[2D] 33.630C 33.25 33.5 33.4
33 32.2
Ng and Ooi Finite 33.650C
31
Element
Method 29

Ng and Ooi BEM  33.640C 27

Scott FEM 33.250C 25

) )
1D 2D
) t) t) t) t)
Mapston Experiment 34.800C EM EM E M en en en en
i(
F B
t(
F im im im im
o o i( o t p er p er p er p er
Morgan Experiment 33.500C d
O
d
O Sc (E
x
(E
x
(Ex (Ex
an an n n er on
Fielder Experiment 33.400C g g sto rga eld fr
N N ap o Fi E
Efron Experiment 34.300C M M
 Numerical Analysis and Result

 Sensitivity Analysis
(Effect of Environmental Temperature-Steady State Condition)

Corresponding Corneal Surface

Value (0C) Temperature
10 27.6
25 32.5
40 36.8
50 39,7

With Blood Perfusion and Metabolism Without Blood Perfusion and Metabolism

Front part of the eye affects rapidly than back part of the eye.
Temperature of the retina and sclera is almost constant
 Numerical Analysis and Result
 Sensitivity Analysis
(Effect of Environmental Temperature-Transient Case)

Environmental Temperature 100C

Environmental Temperature 500C

Temperature of the eye stabilize after 4000s (Approximately)

 Numerical Analysis and Result

 Sensitivity Analysis (Effect of Evaporation Rate)

Level Control Value Corneal

(W/m2) Surface
Temperature
1 20 32.9
2 40 32.3
3 100 30.2
4 180 28

Front part of the eye affects rapidly than back part of the eye.
Temperature of the retina and sclera is almost constant
 Numerical Analysis and Result

 Sensitivity Analysis (Effect of Lens Thermal Conductivity)

Level Control Corneal Surface

Value (Wm-2K-1) Temperature
1 0.21 31.58
2 0.30 31.95
3 0.40 32.08
4 0.54 32.2

Thermal Conductivity works as a barrier to heat flow

 Numerical Analysis and Result

 Sensitivity Analysis (Effect of blood temperature)

Level Corresponding Corneal Surface

Value Temperature

1 36 31.58
2 37 32.2
3 38 32.95
4 39 33.5

Blood Temperature Increases the Eye Temperature

 Laser Surgery

Here
Laser Power Intensity Beam Waist
Absorption Coefficient
I(x, y)

Laser Heat
Qr(x, y)
 Laser Surgery

2s 4s

6s 8s
 Summary

Developed Finite Element Model of Human Eye

Effect of Blood Perfusion and Metabolism is Discussed
Sensitivity analysis is carried out.
Blood perfusion and metabolism keeps the retina and
sclera's temperature almost constant.