MEE 217: ENGINEERING

GRAPHICS I

Orthographic Projection
Dr K. O. Abdulrahman
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN
Orthographic Projection

 Orthographic projection is a method of

drawing an object by means of plane views.
 Orthographic projection can also be regarded
as a way of drawing three-dimensional
object from different directions.
 This type of drawing is highly useful
especially when a design has been developed
to a level that is almost ready to be
produce/manufacture.
Orthographic Projection

Orthographic Projection planes

needed in orthographic projection
The three main planes needed in orthographic
projection are:
• Vertical plane
• Horizontal plane, and
• Auxiliary vertical plane
Orthographic Projection
Orthographic Projection planes needed in orthographic projection
Orthographic Projection
Orthographic Projection planes needed in orthographic projection
Orthographic Projection
Types of Orthographic Projection Symbols

Projection
• First angle projection, and
• Third angle projection
 The first and third angle orthographic
projection only differ in the position of
the plan, front and side elevations.

Projection View positioning

Orthographic Projection

First angle projection

 The front elevation is the main view. This is gotten by looking at the object in the direction of
arrow A.

 The plan is the view that is obtained by looking vertically down on the object in the direction of
arrow B and placing the view beneath the front elevation and in line with it.
 The end elevation is obtained by looking in the direction of the given arrow (C or D), and then
taking the view across the front elevation and placing it by the end opposite to that looked at.
Orthographic Projection

First angle projection

Orthographic Projection
Practice Questions
 Draw the solid block in 1st angle projection, showing the front elevation looking in the
direction of arrow A, the plan and the end elevations.
Orthographic Projection
Practice Questions
 Draw the solid block in 3rd angle projection, showing the front elevation looking in the
direction of arrow A, the plan and the end elevation.