Q 1. A square footing 1.5 m x 1.5 m is located at a depth of 1 m.

The soil has the following properties:

Y = 17.5 kN/m^3
c = 20 kN/m^2
φ = 20 ⁰
Using Hansen’s method, compute the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil. The footing base and ground are horizontal.

Solution :-
Since the base and ground are horizontal : g = 1 & b = 1 (Ground slope factor and Base tilt factor)
Hence,
qf = c Nc sc dc + q0 Nq sq dq iq + 0.5 Y B Ny sy dy iy
The value of bearing capacity factors for φ = 20 ⁰ are:
Q 1. A square footing 1.5 m x 1.5 m is located at a depth of 1 m. The soil has the following properties:
Y = 17.5 kN/m^3
c = 20 kN/m^2
φ = 20 ⁰
Using Hansen’s method, compute the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil. The footing base and ground are horizontal.

Shape factors:
sc = 1+(Nq/Nc)*(B/L) = 1+(6.4/14.83)*(1.5/1.5) = 1.43
sq = 1+(B/L)*tan φ = 1+(1.5/1.5)*tan(20 ⁰) = 1.36
sy = 1 – 0.4*(B/L) = 1 – 0.4*(1.5/1.5) = 0.6

Depth factors:
dc = 1 + 0.4*(D/B) = 1 + 0.4*(1/1.5) = 1.27
dq = 1 + 2 tan φ (1 – sin φ)^2 (D/B) = 1 + 2 tan 20 ⁰ (1 – sin
20 ⁰)^2 *(1/1.5)
= 1.21
dy = 1

Inclination factors:
Since the load is vertical
ic = iq = iy = 1
Q 1. A square footing 1.5 m x 1.5 m is located at a depth of 1 m. The soil has the following properties:
Y = 17.5 kN/m^3
c = 20 kN/m^2
φ = 20 ⁰
Using Hansen’s method, compute the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil. The footing base and ground are horizontal.

Hence the ultimate bearing capacity :

qf = 20 x 14.83 x 1.43 x 1.27 x 1 + 17.5 x 1 x 6.4 x 1.36 x 1.21 x 1 + 0.5 x 17.5 x 1.18 x 2.9 x 0.6 x 1 x 1
qf = 538.7 + 184.3 + 22.8
qf = 745.8 kN/m^2
Q 2. A square footing 1.5 m x 1.5 m is located at a depth of 1 m. The soil has the following properties:
Y = 17.5 kN/m^3
c = 20 kN/m^2
φ = 20 ⁰
Horizontal component of weight = 20 kN acting a height of 4m parallel to the size of footing
Vertical component = 500 kN
Using Hansen’s method, compute the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil. The footing base and ground are horizontal

Solution
From above data: V = 500 kN ; H = 20 kN
e = (H/V)*z = (20/500)*4 = 0.16 m
B’ = B – 2*e = 1.5 – 2*0.16 = 1.18 m
L’ = B = 1.5 m
A’ = L’ x B’ = 1.5 x 1.18 = 1.77 m^2

The inclination factors can be calculated from the

Following table:
Q 2. A square footing 1.5 m x 1.5 m is located at a depth of 1 m. The soil has the following properties:
Y = 17.5 kN/m^3
c = 20 kN/m^2
φ = 20 ⁰
Horizontal component of weight = 20 kN acting a height of 4m parallel to the size of footing
Vertical component = 500 kN
Using Hansen’s method, compute the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil. The footing base and ground are horizontal

iq = (1 – (0.5*H/(V + c*A’*cot φ)))^5

= (1 – (0.5*20/(500 + 20*1.77*cot 20 ⁰ )))^5
= 0.92

iy = (1-((0.7*H)/(V+ c*A’*cot φ)))^5

= (1-((0.7*20)/(500+20*1.77*cot 20 ⁰)))^5
= 0.89

ic = iq – (1 - iq)/(Nq - 1)
= 0.92 - (1 – 0.92)/(6.4 - 1)
= 0.905
Q 2. A square footing 1.5 m x 1.5 m is located at a depth of 1 m. The soil has the following properties:
Y = 17.5 kN/m^3
c = 20 kN/m^2
φ = 20 ⁰
Horizontal component of weight = 20 kN acting a height of 4m parallel to the size of footing
Vertical component = 500 kN
Using Hansen’s method, compute the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil. The footing base and ground are horizontal

Hence the ultimate bearing capacity :

qf = 20 x 14.83 x 1.43 x 1.27 x 0.905 + 17.5 x 1 x 6.4 x 1.36 x 1.21 x 0.92 + 0.5 x 17.5 x 1.18 x 2.9 x 0.6 x 1 x 0.89
qf = 487.5 + 169.6 + 15.98
qf = 673.08 kN/m^2
Q3. A strip footing 2 m wide carries a load intensity of 400 kN/m^2 at a depth of 1.2 m in sand. The saturated unit weight of sand is 19.5
kN/m^3 and unit weight above water table is 16.8 kN/m^3. The shear strength parameters are c = 0 and φ = 35 ⁰. Determine the value of qf for
the following cases:
(a) Water table is 4 m below G.L.
(b) Water table is 0.5 m below G.L.
(c) Water table if at G.L. itself

For a strip footing, the bearing capacity is given by

qf = c Nc + σ Nq Rw1 + 0.5 B Y Ny Rw2
For the present case c = 0 Hence, qf = σ Nq Rw1 + 0.5 B Y Ny Rw2
For φ = 35 ⁰, assuming general shear failure, N q = 41.4 and Ny = 42.4
qf = 41.4 x 1.2 x Y Rw1 + 0.5 x 2 x 42.4 x Rw2
qf = 49.68 Y Rw1 + 42.3 Y Rw2
(a) Zw2 = 4 – 1.2 = 2.8 m ; Rw1 = 1
Since Zw2 > B, Rw2 = 1
Hence there will be no effect of water table.
qf = 49.68 x 16.8 x 1 + 42.4 x 16.8 x 1
= 1546.9 kN/m^2
Q3. A strip footing 2 m wide carries a load intensity of 400 kN/m^2 at a depth of 1.2 m in sand. The saturated unit weight of sand is 19.5
kN/m^3 and unit weight above water table is 16.8 kN/m^3. The shear strength parameters are c = 0 and φ = 35 ⁰. Determine the value of qf for
the following cases:
(a) Water table is 4 m below G.L.
(b) Water table is 0.5 m below G.L.
(c) Water table if at G.L. itself

For a strip footing, the bearing capacity is given by

qf = c Nc + σ Nq Rw1 + 0.5 B Y Ny Rw2
For the present case c = 0 Hence, qf = σ Nq Rw1 + 0.5 B Y Ny Rw2
For φ = 35 ⁰, assuming general shear failure, Nq = 41.4 and Ny = 42.4
qf = 41.4 x 1.2 x Y Rw1 + 0.5 x 2 x 42.4 x Rw2
qf = 49.68 Y Rw1 + 42.3 Y Rw2
(b) Zw1 = 0.5
Rw1 = 0.5(1+(Zw1/D)) = 0.5(1+(0.5/1.2)) = 0.708
Rw2 = 0.5 (Since water table is above footing)
For wedge term, Y = Ysat = 19.5 kN/m^3
For the surcharge term, we will take average unit weight
Y avg = (16.8 x 0.5 + 19.5 x 0.7) / ( 0.5 + 0.7 ) = 18.38
qf = 49.68 Yav Rw1 + 42.3 Ysat Rw2 = 49.68 x 18.38 x 0.708 + 42.4 x 19.5 x 0.5 = 1060 kN/m^2
Q3. A strip footing 2 m wide carries a load intensity of 400 kN/m^2 at a depth of 1.2 m in sand. The saturated unit weight of sand is 19.5
kN/m^3 and unit weight above water table is 16.8 kN/m^3. The shear strength parameters are c = 0 and φ = 35 ⁰. Determine the value of qf for
the following cases:
(a) Water table is 4 m below G.L.
(b) Water table is 0.5 m below G.L.
(c) Water table if at G.L. itself

For a strip footing, the bearing capacity is given by

qf = c Nc + σ Nq Rw1 + 0.5 B Y Ny Rw2
For the present case c = 0 Hence, qf = σ Nq Rw1 + 0.5 B Y Ny Rw2
For φ = 35 ⁰, assuming general shear failure, Nq = 41.4 and Ny = 42.4
qf = 41.4 x 1.2 x Y Rw1 + 0.5 x 2 x 42.4 x Rw2
qf = 49.68 Y Rw1 + 42.3 Y Rw2
(c) Rw1 = 0.5(1+0) = 0.5
Rw2 = 0.5
Y = Ysat = 19.5 for both the surcharge soil as well as the wedge soil.
Hence from eq 1
qf = 49.68 x Ysat x Rw1 + 42.4 x Ysat x Rw2
= 49.68 x 19.5 x 0.5 + 42.4 x 19.5 x 0.5
= 897.78 kN/m^2