SWINE

PRODUCTION
AND
MANAGEMENT
 HOG ZOOLOGICAL SCHEME
KINGDOM: Animalia
PHYLUM: Chordata
CLASS: Mammalia
ORDER: Artiodactyla
FAMILY: Suidae
GENUS: Sus
SPECIES: Scrofa/vittatus
SUB- SPECIES: domesticus

Sus scrofa is a wild hog of continental Europe from which most domestic swine have been derived.
Sus vittatus was the chief, if not the only species of the East Indian pig that contributed to domestic swine.
 Breeds of Swine
The Philippine Native Swine

- Indigenous animals belong to a large undefined population of individuals without any uniform traits
usually described to a breed.
- The local pig or Philippine Native pig belongs to this category, as they are small and lack the
anatomical symmetry of standard breeds.
- General characteristics: Small and late maturing, mostly solid black or black and white have small
ears, sway back and with weak pasterns.

Other Scientific Name

Luzon Warty pig - Sus philippinensis
Palawan Bearded pig – Sus barbatus
 Purebreeds
1. Landrace
Origin
- First Landrace swine was developed in Denmark for the production of high
quality bacon.
Characteristics
- The Landrace breed is white in color, although black skin spots or freckles are
rather common. It is known as the longest breed of swine (16 to 17 ribs). This
breed is known for its prolificacy and mothering ability under Philippine
condition.
Disadvantage
- Weak legs and pasterns especially on the hind leg. Some strains of Landrace
have narrow body and long legs depending on the country of origin.
2. Yorkshire/Large White

Origin
- English bacon breed which had its origin in Yorkshire and neighboring countries in Northern
England. It was developed by selection and crossing with Leicester hog which was a white hog. The
present Large White was developed in England.
Characteristics
- Yorkshire should be entirely white in color. Yorkshire sows are noted as good mothers (Mother
Breed).
- They not only farrow or raise large litters, but are greet milkers. – The pigs are excellent foragers
and compare favorably with those of any other breed in economy of gains.
Disadvantage:
- Some individuals in this herd are relatively short and with big belly and they tend to develop carcasses
with excess back fat.
3. Duroc
Origin:
- The Duroc breed of hogs had its origin in the eastern United States and in the Corn Belt. – It would seem
presumptuous today to attempt to identify the foundation stock of the breed, which was originally called the Duroc-
Jersey.
Characteristics:
- Duroc has solid colors, ranging from very high light golden to very dark red that approaches the color of
mahogany. The head is small in proportion to the body and the jowl is medium in size. The length of its legs is
proportional to the depth and length of its body.
Performance:
- Duroc is considered a superior breed in terms of growth rate and feed efficiency. It has a good muscle quality and
is probably the most resistant to stress.
Disadvantage
- Some individuals have a strong tendency to have a well arched back which is undesirable because this
animal do not stay long in the breeding herd.
- Unsound front and hind legs that may lead to stiff gilt or lameness are also encountered in some animals.
4. Pietrain
Origin:
- Pietrain, Belgium, the village from which the breed takes its name, was the birthplace
of the breed.
Characteristics:
- This breed may be appropriately called the “muscle” pigs because it is well
known for its outstanding muscle development in the ham, loin and shoulder. The
backfat is very thin. The motherly ability is well within acceptable level.
Disadvantage:
- Because of the relatively well-muscled ham, the number one problem of this breed is
usually weakness of the hind legs which do not develop as fast as the ham muscle.
This breed is also known for being a slow grower and being highly susceptible to stress.
5. Hampshire
Origin:
- Hampshire breed traces its origin to Southern England. But the first Hampshire Swine Record was
organized in Boone country Kentucky, just across the Ohio River from Cincinnati.
Characteristics:
- The most striking characteristic of the Hampshire is the white belt around the shoulder and body
including the foreleg.
Performance:
- Feed efficiency, length and ham-loin percent of this breed is excellent.
Disadvantage:
- Low liter size at birth and at weaning, poor mothering ability and latte maturing. Being black is also
an objection because it is associated with thick back fat is also an objection because it is associated
with thick back fat and with difficulty in dressing/cleaning during slaughtering.
6. Berkshire
Origin
- South Central England, principally in the countries of Berkshire and
Wiltshire.
Characteristics
- The distinct peculiarity of the Berkshire breed is the short and sometimes
upturned nose.
-The color is black with six white points, four white feet, one point on the
forehead; and another on the switch of the tail.
Disadvantage
- This breed has a small liter size at birth and at weaning, late maturing,
thick backfat and the black skin.
7. Poland of China

Origin
- South-western Ohio in the fertile area known as the Miami Valley. It is
also known as the “Hot Type” of “big Type Poland China.”

Characteristics
- Modern Poland China is black in color with six distinct white points,
the four feet, poll of the head and switch of the tail.
8. List of other Purebreds
a. Spotted
b. Limousine
c. Chester white
d. Hereford
e. Taniworth
f. Large black
g. Chinese Taihu pigs
- Funjiang
- Meishan
- Janxiang black
- Erhualian
a. Spotted
b. Limousine
c. Chester White
d. Hereford
e. Taniworth
f. Large Balck
g. Chinese Taihu Pigs
Meishan
- From China, considered Taihu pigs, deriving their name from the Taihu Lake . Slow
growing and fat, but have a very good taste, resistant to some diseases
• The Meishan breed is known for its wrinkled face and skin.
• Meishan pigs are perhaps one of the most prolific breeds of pig in the world
- Large litter size of 15-16 pigs.
Upgrades
Upgrading: native pigs bred with foreign breeds
- Diani – upgrade of native pigs (Batangas) with Berkshire
- Kaman – upgrade of native pig (Batangas) with Duroc Berkjala - 5/8 Berkshire and 3/8
Jalajala pig (Rizal) Miracle Pig - ½ Large White 4 Landrace ¼ Native

Hybrid pigs or synthetic breeds -Do not have distinguishing physical characteristics
which differentiate them from other group of pigs.
Most of them are white with good muscle development.
Thank you for
Listening muahhh