VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi

VIJAYA VITTALA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
No.35, 1st main road, sonam layout kothanur Bengaluru – 560077

Seminar Presentation
Seminar Presentation
on
on
“ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM ”

Presented by:
RAJSHEKAR S
1VJ19ME027

Under the guidance of :

Dr.N.Krishnamurthy
Head of Department
Department of Mechanical Engineering
 CONTENTS

Introduction
Principle
Types Of Electromagnetic Brakes
Permanent Magnet Electromagnetic Brakes
Advantages Of Electromagnetic Braking System
Limitations Of Electromagnetic Braking System
Applications Of Electromagnetic Braking System
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Electromagnetic braking sysytem was invented by Granville Tailer woods in the year 1887 who
was mechanical and electrical engineer.

The original name was "electro-mechanical brakes" but over the years the name changed t
o "electromagnetic brakes", referring to their actuation method.
.
An electromagnetic braking system is a type of braking system that utilizes the principles
of electromagnetism to slow down or stop a moving object.

Electromagnetic brakes are the brakes working on the electric power & magnetic power.

Compared to traditional braking systems, electromagnetic braking systems offer several

advantages, including faster response times, greater control over braking force, and reduced wear
and tear on braking components. They are also more energy-effi cient and environmentally friendly,
as they do not produce the same amount of heat and friction as traditional braking systems.
 PRINCIPLE

• The principle of electromagnetic braking system is based on the interaction

between an electromagnet and a conductive material, such as a metal disc or
rotor. When a current f lows through the electromagnet, it generates a magnetic
field that interacts with the conductive material, producing a braking force.

• This braking force is generated due to the eddy currents induced in the
conductive material by the changing magnetic f ield produced by the
electromagnet. These eddy currents produce their own magnetic f ield,
which opposes the original magnetic field, leading to a deceleration of the
conductive material.
•
The braking force produced by the electromagnetic braking system can be
controlled by adjusting the current f lowing through the electromagnet. By
varying the current, the magnetic f ield strength can be varied, allowing for
precise control over the braking force.
TYPES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKES

Spring Applied Electromagnetic Brakes: These brakes are designed to remain in the engaged
position, i.e., with the brake applied, when power is not supplied to the brake coil. When power is
supplied, the coil generates a magnetic f ield that overcomes the spring force and releases the
brake.

Permanent Magnet Electromagnetic Brakes: These brakes use a permanent magnet to

generate the magnetic f ield when power is not supplied. When power is supplied, the magnetic
field is weakened, and the brake is released.

Hysteresis Electromagnetic Brakes: These brakes use a rotating magnetic f ield to generate a
magnetic f lux in the rotor. The rotor is made of a material with high magnetic hysteresis, which
means that it resists changes in magnetic f lux. The resulting magnetic torque resists the motion
of the rotor, causing the brake to engage.
TYPES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKES

Eddy Current Electromagnetic Brakes: These brakes use an electromagnetic f ield to induce eddy
currents in a conductive disc or rotor. The eddy currents create a magnetic f ield that opposes the
motion of the rotor, causing the brake to engage.

Electromagnetic Particle Brake: These brakes use a series of magnetic particles, typically iron or steel,
that are suspended in a carrier fluid. When a magnetic field is applied, the particles align and create a
rigid connection between the two surfaces, causing the brake to engage.
Permanent magnet electromagnetic brakes are a type of brake that combines the
advantages of both permanent magnet brakes and electromagnetic brakes. They
consist of a permanent magnet, an electromagnetic coil, and a rotor. When the brake is
activated, the electromagnetic coil generates a magnetic field that opposes the
magnetic field of the permanent magnet, creating a braking force.
The advantage of the permanent magnet in this type of brake is that it provides a
holding force, even when the electromagnetic coil is not energized. This is useful in
applications where a holding or locking force is required, such as in conveyor systems
or elevator systems. When the electromagnetic coil is energized, it creates an additional
magnetic force that increases the braking force.

Permanent magnet electromagnetic brakes offer several advantages, including high

effi ciency, low noise, and low maintenance. They are commonly used in applications
that require precise control of movement, such as robotics and medical equipment.
They are also used in industrial machinery, aerospace and defense, and automotive
applications, such as electric vehicles.
Overall, permanent magnet electromagnetic brakes provide a reliable and
effi cient solution for controlling movement and providing safety features in
various applications
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM

Precise Control: Electromagnetic braking systems offer precise control over the amount
of braking force applied, making them ideal for applications that require controlled
deceleration.

High Reliability: Electromagnetic braking systems are highly reliable and can operate under
a wide range of conditions without experiencing significant wear or damage.

Smooth Operation: Electromagnetic braking systems can provide smooth and gradual
braking, resulting in a comfortable ride and reduced wear on the components.
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM

Precise Control: Electromagnetic braking systems offer precise control over the amount
of braking force applied, making them ideal for applications that require controlled
deceleration.

High Reliability: Electromagnetic braking systems are highly reliable and can operate under
a wide range of conditions without experiencing significant wear or damage.

Smooth Operation: Electromagnetic braking systems can provide smooth and gradual
braking, resulting in a comfortable ride and reduced wear on the components.
 ADVANTAGES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM

Energy Effi ciency: Electromagnetic braking systems can be designed to recover some of the
energy lost during braking, reducing energy consumption and improving effi ciency.

Reduced Noise: Electromagnetic braking systems operate quietly and can reduce noise
pollution in urban areas.

Low Maintenance: Electromagnetic braking systems require relatively low maintenance

and can operate for extended periods without requiring significant repairs or replacements.
 LIMITATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM

Heat Generation: Electromagnetic braking systems generate heat during operation due to the
friction between the braking components. This can lead to reduced effi ciency, shortened
component life, and even failure.

Wear and Tear: Electromagnetic braking systems experience wear and tear over time due to the
friction between the components. This can lead to reduced braking performance and require
frequent maintenance.

Control Complexity: Electromagnetic braking systems require complex control systems to

regulate the amount of braking force applied. This can increase the complexity of the system
and make it more diffi cult to diagnose and repair in case of failure.

Cost: Electromagnetic braking systems can be more expensive than other braking systems,
especially in high-performance applications.
LIMITATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Electromagnetic braking systems can produce electromagnetic

interference that can interfere with other electronic systems in the vicinity.

Limited Application: Electromagnetic braking systems are not suitable for all types of
applications. For example, they may not be effective in wet or slippery conditions.
 APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM

Automotive Industry: Electromagnetic brakes are commonly used in vehicles such as

electric and hybrid cars to control speed and apply brakes. They are also used in electric
trains and trams for controlled stopping.

Elevators and Escalators: Electromagnetic brakes are commonly used in elevators and
escalators to ensure the safety of passengers. They help in holding the elevator car in
place when the power is off, preventing the car from moving unexpectedly.

Industrial Machinery: Electromagnetic brakes are used in various industrial machinery such
as machine tools, printing presses, and packaging machines to control speed and
movement. They also help in holding loads in place during machine operations.

Wind Turbines: Electromagnetic brakes are used in wind turbines to bring the blades to a
stop in case of emergency or maintenance.
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM

Roller Coasters: Electromagnetic brakes are used in roller coasters to control speed
and provide a safe and smooth ride.

Robotics and Automation: Electromagnetic brakes are used in robotics and automation
to control movement and ensure precision in operations.

Medical Equipment: Electromagnetic brakes are used in medical equipment such as

MRI machines and CT scanners to control the movement of the equipment and ensure
precision during imaging.
 CONCLUSION

Overall, electromagnetic braking systems offer a number of advantages over traditional friction brakes,
including greater precision, durability, and safety. While they do face some challenges.
In conclusion, the ongoing developments in electromagnetic braking systems are expected to improve
their performance, reduce their cost, and expand their application range, making them even more
useful in a variety of industries and applications.
Whether in trains, elevators, automobile, or heavy machinery, electromagnetic braking systems are
sure to play an increasingly important role in the future of transportation and industry.
With ongoing research and development, electromagnetic braking systems are likely to remain a popular
choice for applications that require precise control, high reliability, and smooth operation in the years to
come.
THANK YOU