NEW BEGINNINGS:

PAKISTAN AFTER 1947

History : Grade VIII
Students’ Learning Outcomes
Students will be able to:
1. Describe with Outline some salient features of the early beginnings of Pakistan after 1947.
2. Explain events of the Kashmir War.
3. Describe the main idea of Objective Resolution.
4. Describe the key elements of the Constitution of 1956.
5. Enlist some characteristics of Ayyub Khan’s Regime.
6. Identify causes and events of the War of 1965. and war of 1971.
7. Describe the causes and events of the Afghan War.
8. Identify the sequence of events of Cold War that led to the War on Terrorism.
9. Use a timeline to identify the time of the events after the formation of Pakistan in the span of
Migration, War of Kashmir, constitutions1956, 1958, 1973, 1965 war , 1971 war , Afghan war till the
War on Terror.
10. Use an organogram to demonstrate the sequence of events led by the Afghan War till the War on
Terror.
11. Explore some of the pull and push factors behind the Migration of 1947.
12. Evaluate the most challenging problem Pakistan had to face after Independence.
13. Explore the contributions of the migrants and common people in the struggle for the Freedom of
Pakistan.
 STUDENTS’ LEARNING OBJECTIVES (CONT…)

14. Explore the consequences of the War of Kashmir on Pakistan.

15. Enquire why part of objective resolution has become a compulsory part of all constitutions.
16. Elaborate on the reasons behind the failure of the Constitution of 1956.
17. Identify some major milestones of Ayub Khan’s Regime.
18. Analyze the most important contribution of Ayub Khan.
19. Enquire about the significance of Ayub Khan’s Regime in the history of Pakistan.
20. Discover some causes of the War of 1965.
21. Analyze the impact of the War of 1965 in the coming years.
22. Compare the constitution of 1962 with the constitution of 1973.
23. Discover key causes of the War of 1971.
24. Analyze the impact of the War of 1971.
25. Enquire into the consequences of the Afghan War on Pakistan.
26. Explore the consequences of the War on Terror on the social and economic history of
Pakistan.
27. Identify the contributions of the Pakistan Army in the War on Terror.
28. Justify that the migration of 1947 was the biggest migration in human history.
AT 4: SLO 5 : Enlist some characteristics of Ayyub Khan’s Regime.

SLO 14: Identify some major milestones of Ayyub Khan’s Regime.

SLO 15: Analyze the most important contribution of Ayyub Khan.

SLO 16: Enquire about the significance of Ayyub Khan’s Regime in

Ayyub Khan’s the history of Pakistan.

Regime
 Ayyub Khan’s Regime - Timeline

Name: General Muhammad Ayyub Khan

• 27th October 1958- Ayyub Khan took over

• October 1959 – Basic Democracies introduced
• 1st March 1962 – New Constitution implemented
• September 1965 – War with India
• 25th March 1969 – Forced to resign
Ayyub Khan’s
Regime
1958-1969
 Characteristics of Ayyub Khan’s Regime
• Imposed Martial in law in country on 27th October 1958.

• A new constitution was implemented in 1962.

DECADE • Introduced Local Government System with title of Basic Democracies.

OF • Later Ayyub Khan was selected as President of Pakistan.

• 10 years of Ayyub Khan’s rule is labeled as ‘Decade of Development’.

AYYUB’ • Agricultural, social, industrial and educational reforms took place.
S RULE • 3 major dams were built to support agriculture and energy sectors of the country.

• 17 days long war with India in 1965 effected the socio-political set up of the
country.

• In 1967, capital of country was shifted from Karachi to Islamabad.

• Political unrest in the country caused the stepping down of Ayyub and General
Yahya took over in 1969 putting a decadelong rule of Ayyub Khan to an end.
Basic Democracies system introduced
by
Ayyub Khan.
 SLO 6 :Identify causes and events of the War of 1965

AT 5: SLO 17: Discover some causes of the War of 1965.

SLO 18: Analyze the impact of the War of 1965 in the coming
years.

Indo – Pak War

of 1965
INDIA – PAKISTAN • In April1965, Indian forces intruded in
Pakistani areas of Rann of Kutch .
WAR • Indian forces were evicted by Pakistan Army.
1965 • Later, an International tribunal gave verdict in
favour of Pakistan.
• Indian leadership started planning to occupy
Azad Kashmir.
• In response Pakistan launched a gorilla
operation named as ‘Operation Gibraltar’ in
Indian illegally occupied Kashmir.
• The aim of the operation was to bring Kashmir
issue in limelight which was getting into
oblivion.
• Indian response to this action was in form of a
full-scale war on international border on 6th
September 1965.
 • Initially Indian army crossed the borders at Lahore
and Kasur fronts, but gallant Pakistani soldiers
defeated the enemies and pushed them back.
• On 7th September 1965, Pakistan Air Force bombarded
important Air bases of India as well as destroyed
many airplanes of the enemies.
• On the same day, the brave son of nation – Pilot
INDIA – PAKISTAN Squadron Leader M. M. Alam made a world record by
WAR shooting down five Indian combat air crafts in single
sortie.
1965 • On th same day, Pakistan Navy ships also bombarded
Indian towns and an important radar station–
Dwarka.
• Pakistan’s Navy Submarine – Ghazi kept the Indian
Navy’s aircraft carriers besieged in harbour
throughout the war.
• A memorable battle of tanks was fought on Chwinda
(Sialkot), where Pak army turned the battlefield into
graveyard of Indian Tanks. This war has been
declared as the largest battle of tanks after World War
II.
 • The 17 days long war caused thousands of causalities.
• In Jan 1966, India and Pakistan signed a peace
agreement named as Tashkent Declaration for
ceasefire with the efforts of United Nations.
• The peace treaty was signed on the terms that both the
countries will return the conquered territories, remove
troops and return to the borders established in 1949.
INDIA – PAKISTAN
WAR • The Indo-Pak War of 1965 establishes that Pakistan
1965 Armed Forces defended their motherland in an
excellent manner and proved that it is unity, faith and
discipline that matters and not the size of enemy’s
force or the quality of the weapon.

• Although the Tashkent Agreement achieved its short

term aims but the conflict in South Asia reignited a
few years later in shape of 1971 war between the two
traditional enemy nations.
 • Pakistan got fame and recognition in the
international community.
• Kashmir issue was once highlighted on the
international forums.
• Pakistan learned that America and Europeans
have their own vested interests, and they
behave as two face characters.
EFFECTS OF • The way China stood with Pakistan helped
THE WAR OF knowing the difference between friend and
foe.
1965 • The brethren Islamic countries supported
Pakistan.
• The attitude of politician and leaders changed
towards Ayyub Khan, and they offered their
unconditional support in all matters.
 • Above all the war proved to be a point of unit for the
whole nation.
• It instilled the spirit of unity and solidarity amongst
the people of all walks of country. The entire nation
disregarded their internal differences and stood
firmly to fight the enemy.
• From a street person to a high official and from a
EFFECTS OF labour worker to a businessman, every single person
cooperated with government and contributed to
THE WAR OF Defense Fund generously.

1965 • People donated blood for army and offered services

at every front.
• Artists, encouraged the soldiers through their art.
• In short, the entire nation stood like an iron wall in
front of the enemy and rose victorious against the
enemy.