Internal

Structure of the
Earth
Grade 10 Lesson 1
  

INNER CRUS OUTER

MANTL CORE CORE
E T
1. Have you ever wondered why our
country has these geologic events and
features?
2. What do you think is happening
inside the earth that resulted to these
phenomena?
 The earth is layered
with a lithosphere
(crust and uppermost
mantle), mantle, and
a dense metallic core.
 The earth is layered with a
1. CRUST- The outermost
lithosphere (crust and
uppermost mantle), mantle,
and the thinnest layer of the
and a dense metallic core.
earth .
Composed of plates on
which the continents and
 The earth is layered with a
That is made up of two
lithosphere (crust and
uppermost mantle), mantle,
parts; the oceanic crust and
and a dense metallic core.
continental crust.
 The earth is layered with a
2. Mantle - Solid but
lithosphere (crust and
capable of flow (like hot
uppermost mantle), mantle,
and a dense metallic core.
asphalt)
Thickest layer of the
Earth (70% of the
 The earth is layered with
The hot material (magma) in a
lithosphere (crust and
theuppermost
mantlemantle),
rises to the
mantle, top of
theand
mantle, cools, core.
a dense metallic then sinks,
reheats, and rises again.
These convection currents
cause changes in the Earth’s
surface
 The earth is layered with a
3. Outer Core
lithosphere (crust and
uppermost mantle), mantle,
Molten (liquid) metal
and a dense metallic core.
beneath the mantle.
Composed of the melted
metals nickel and iron
 The earth is layered with a
4. Inner Core
lithosphere (crust and
Solid sphere
uppermost composed
mantle), mostly
mantle,
and a dense metallic core.
of iron. Heat in the core is
probably generated by the
radioactive decay of uranium
and other elements.
 The earth is layered with a
It is solid because of the
lithosphere (crust and
pressure from the outer
uppermost mantle), mantle,
and a dense metallic core.
core, mantle, and crust
compressing it
tremendously.
Earth’s molten metallic
core gave rise to magnetic
field. If Earth’s core were
not metal, the planet would
not have a magnetic field.
Metals such as iron are
magnetic, but rock, which
makes up the mantle and
crust, is not.
Interfaces mark the
boundaries between
layers of the Earth
 Mohorovicic discontinuity
is the interface between the
crust and the upper mantle.
 The Gutenberg
discontinuity marks the
boundary between the
lower mantle and the outer
core.
 The Lehmann
discontinuity is located
between the liquid outer
core and the solid inner
core.
 The temperature
1200C
of each layer
4000C increases as
5000C depth increases.
Earth consists of layers
made up of different
densities.
Density and Pressure
increase as depth increases
That explains why the inner
core is a solid metal ball.
ELABORAT
E
Aurora Borealis:

What Causes the

Northern Lights?
ELABORAT
E Aurora Borealis: What Causes the

Are youLights
Northern familiarwith the
Aurora Borealis or the
Northern lights?
Maybe you have encountered
these phenomena already
from your lesson about the
layers of the atmosphere.
ELABORAT
E Aurora Borealis: What Causes the

But can
Northern you
remember
Lights

how these are formed and

how it is connected with
our lesson about the layers
of the earth?
ELABORAT
E Aurora Borealis: What Causes the

The Aurora
Northern is one of the
Lights
nature’s most spectacular
light shows. However, these
stellar lights are indicators
that the Earth is protecting
you from the harmful solar
radiation.
ELABORAT
E Aurora Borealis: What Causes the

The Aurora
Northern is simply
Lights

caused by the interaction

between Earth’s magnetic
field and charged particles
shot out from the sun.
 ELABOR
ATE
In His hand are the deep places of
the earth;
The heights of the hills are His also.
The sea is His, for He made it;
And His hands formed the dry land.
— Psalm 95:4-5 (NKJV)