Peripheral Nervous System 8B.

2
Pages 267 - 269
Learning Objectives
• Know that the mammalian nervous system consists of the central and
peripheral nervous systems
• Understand how coordination in animals is brought about through
nervous and hormonal control
What the Peripheral Nervous System does
For nervous coordination to work there are two important stages:
1. Changes in the internal or external environment are detected by
sensory receptors and are carried to the CNS
2. The instructions from the CNS must be carried to the effector
organs.

This is the role of the peripheral nervous system.

The Peripheral Nervous System
 The Peripheral Nervous System
The motor nerves carry impulses out from
the CNS to the effectors in the body.

The sensory nerves carry impulses from the

receptors about changes in both the external
and internal environment into the CNS.
 The Peripheral Nervous System
The motor nerves carry impulses out from
the CNS to the effectors in the body.

The motor nerves are of

two main types.
The sensory nerves carry impulses from the
receptors about changes in both the external
and internal environment into the CNS.

All the sensory nerves of the peripheral

system function in much the same way.
 The Peripheral Nervous System
The motor nerves carry impulses out from
the CNS to the effectors in the body.

The motor nerves are of

two main types.

The voluntary nervous system involves motor

neurones that are under voluntary or conscious
control involving the cerebrum.
 The Peripheral Nervous System
The motor nerves carry impulses out from
the CNS to the effectors in the body.

The motor nerves are of

two main types.

The voluntary nervous system involves motor

neurones that are under voluntary or conscious
control involving the cerebrum.

Voluntary motor neurones function as a result

of conscious thought. When you consider an
action, such as picking up a drink or switching
on the computer, the instructions that need to
be issued to the muscles will be carried along
voluntary nerve fibres.
 The Peripheral Nervous System
The motor nerves carry impulses out from
the CNS to the effectors in the body.

The motor nerves are of

two main types.

The voluntary nervous system involves motor The autonomic nervous

neurones that are under voluntary or conscious system (the involuntary
control involving the cerebrum. nervous system) involves
motor neurones that the
Voluntary motor neurones function as a result conscious areas of the
of conscious thought. When you consider an brain do not control.
action, such as picking up a drink or switching
on the computer, the instructions that need to
be issued to the muscles will be carried along
voluntary nerve fibres.
 The Peripheral Nervous System
The motor nerves carry impulses out from
the CNS to the effectors in the body.

The motor nerves are of

two main types.

The voluntary nervous system involves motor The autonomic nervous

neurones that are under voluntary or conscious system (the involuntary
control involving the cerebrum. nervous system) involves
motor neurones that the
Voluntary motor neurones function as a result conscious areas of the
of conscious thought. When you consider an brain do not control.
action, such as picking up a drink or switching These motor neurones control bodily functions that are normally
on the computer, the instructions that need to involuntary Examples include control of the heart and breathing rate,
be issued to the muscles will be carried along the movements and secretions of the gut, sweating, the dilation or
voluntary nerve fibres. constriction of the iris of the eye in response to changing light levels and
the dilation or constriction of the blood vessels in response to changing
demands for blood
 Compare and Contrast
Feature Voluntary (Somatic) Nervous System (Involuntary) Autonomic Nervous System

Type of neurone

Number of neurones in
a pathway
Level of myelination

Neurotransmitter/s

Effect of
neurotransmitter/s
Level of conscious
control
Region/s of the brain in
control
Effectors Innervated
 Compare and Contrast
Feature Voluntary (Somatic) Nervous System (Involuntary) Autonomic Nervous System

Type of neurone Motor Motor

Number of neurones in 1 2 (preganglionic and post ganglionic)

a pathway
Level of myelination Heavy Light

Neurotransmitter/s Acetylcholine Acetylcholine or noradrenaline

Effect of Stimulatory Stimulatory or inhibitory

neurotransmitter/s
Level of conscious High Low
control
Region/s of the brain in Cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum) Cerebellum & medulla
control
Effectors Innervated Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle & glands
The Peripheral Nervous System
The motor nerves carry impulses out from
the CNS to the effectors in the body.

The motor nerves are of

two main types.

The autonomic nervous

system (the involuntary
nervous system) involves
motor neurones that the
conscious areas of the
brain do not control.

The autonomic nervous system in sub-divided into the sympathetic

nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.