PRAYER

Holy One,
We come to you today asking for your guidance, wisdom, and
support as we begin this meeting.
Please allow us to grow closer as a group and nurture the bonds of
community.
Fill us with your grace, Lord God, as we make decisions that might
affect the students, staff, faculty, alumni and friends of our school.
And continue to remind us that all that we do here today, all that we
accomplish, is for the pursuit of truth for the greater glory of You,
and for the service of humanity.
We ask these things in Jesus name we pray AMEN…..
P r ese n ted b y Fr an cisc a M . L o y o l a

DEVELOPMENT
AND VALIDATION
OF ASSESSMENT
INSTRUMENTS
 Instruments
• are tools used to gather data for a particular research

topic. Some of the common Instruments used for

quantitative research are tests [performance-based or

paper-and-pencil], questionnaires, interviews, and

observations.
Three ways for developing an instrument
(Quantitative)

ADOPTING AN MODIFY AN EXISTING CREATE YOUR OWN

INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT
 Frequently used data
collection techniques
Documentary Analysis Interview Observation
• conducted with single • Observation must be done
• used to analyze person or with a group of in a quiet and inconspicuous
primary and people [around five to ten] manner so as to get realistic
secondary sources whose opinions and data; the subject of
that are available experiences are elicited observation has no
mostly in churches, simultaneously knowledge that he/she is
public or private • Three Types of Interview being observed.
offices, hospitals, or (Unstructured, Structured, • Two Types of Observation
in community. Semi-structured) (Structured, Unstructured)
 Frequently used data
collection techniques
Psychological Tests Questionnaire
Psychological
Measures • These include
• The most commonly used instrument
personality inventories
• The technique in research
and projective
involves the techniques. They involve
collection of • 4 Types of Questionnaire
gathering information
physical data • 1)StructuredQuestionnaire.  
from a person through
from the • 2)UnstructuredQuestionnaire.  
questions or statements
subjects • 3)Open endedQuestionnaire.
that require responses or
• 4)Close ended Questionnaire.
reactions.
Types of Questions

YES OR NO TYPE CODING TYPE

RECOGNITION SUBJECTIVE
TYPE TYPE

COMPLETION COMBINATION
TYPE TYPE
COMPLETION TEST
This test consists of a series of items which requires the testee to
fill a word or phrase on the blanks.
This is also called filling the blank type of test.
3. Rules and Suggestions for the Construction of Completion test
1. Give the student a reasonable basis for the responses desired.
Avoid indefinite statements. Example: Wrong: Carolus Linnaeus
was born in _________. Right: Carolus Linnaeus was born in the
year _________.  Avoid over mutilated statements. EXAMPLE:
Wrong: ______________ was the first to view
______________under the ___________. Right:
_______________was the first to view bacteria under the
microscope.
4. 2. Avoid giving the student unwarranted clues to the desired
response. a. Whenever possible avoid a and an immediately
before the blank. EXAMPLE: Wrong: An ________ cell is
composed of nucleus. Right: ________ cell is composed of
nucleus.
5. b. Do not indicate of the expected answer by varying the
length of blanks. EXAMPLE: 1.___________ is where synthesis of
protein occurs. 2.___________ is the powerhouse of the cell.
3.___________ guards the entry and exit of materials in a cell
VALIDITY
• refers to how well the results among the study

participants represent true findings among similar

individuals outside the study.
• Two domains (External and Internal Validity)
How to increase the validity
of research studies?
The ultimate goal of all
research is not
objectivity, but truth.
-Helen Deutsch
Thank You!
 Reference:
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/don-honorio-ventura-technological-state-
university/practical-research/constructing-an-instrument-establishing-its-validity-
reliability/22104701

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6188693/#:~:text=The%20validity
%20of%20a%20research,associations%2C%20interventions%2C%20and

%20diagnosis.