Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : Satyanarayana
Designation : Senior Lecturer
Branch : Mechanical Engineering
Institute : JN Govt polytechnic, Hyderabad
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Engineering Mechanics
Subject Code : M303
Topic : Dynamics
Duration : 50 Min
Sub Topic : Force, law of conservation of
momentum
Teaching Aids : PPT, Animations
Revised by : L.V.Rama Rao
9M303.14 1
 Recap
In the previous lesson, We learnt

Definitions relating to :
Matter
Mass
Weight
Inertia
Momentum

• Newton’s laws of motion

9M303.14 2
 Objectives
On completion of this period, you would be able to
know

• Unit of force

• Law of conservation of momentum

9M303.14 3
 Unit of force

• When a body of mass 1kg is moving with an acceleration

of 1 m/sec2. the force acting on the body is one Newton

• Newton is the absolute (or S.I) unit of force.

9M303.14 4
 Unit of force contd…

• When the same body is moving with an acceleration of

9.81 m/sec2. the force acting on the body is 9.81
Newton.

• We denote 1 kg mass, attracted towards earth with an

acceleration of 9.81 m/sec2 as 1 kg-f or 1 kg-wt

1 kg-wt = 9.81 N.

9M303.14 5
 Unit of force contd…

• Kg-wt is the gravitational unit of force

• Gravitational units are 9.81 times greater than the unit of

force in S.I units or absolute units

9M303.14 6
 Law of conservation of momentum

• The total momentum of two masses before impact is

equal to the total momentum after impact

m1,m2 are the two masses

u1,u2 are the velocities before impact

v1,v2 are the velocities after impact

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

9M303.14 7
Law of conservation of momentum contd…

• If ‘v’ be the common velocity ( i.e., both the masses move

together) of two masses after impact. Then,

m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2 ) v

m1u1  m2u2
V
m1  m2

9M303.14 8
Law of conservation of momentum contd…
m1 u1 m2 u2
a) Before impact

m1 m2

b) Impact

m1 v1 m2 v2 m1 m2

At different velocities At same velocities

c) After impact

9M303.14 9
 Law of conservation of momentum contd…

• Recoil of a Gun
• When a bullet is fired it leaves the gun with a certain
velocity and the gun moves backwards
• The backward motion of the gun is called ‘recoil’
• v = velocity of recoil of gun
• u = velocity of bullet leaving the gun
• m = mass of bullet
• M = mass of gun
• By law of conservation of momentum
• v = mu/M
9M303.14 10
 Problem
Find the magnitude of a force acting on a body having a
mass of 50 kg and moving with an acceleration of 0.4 m/s 2

Solution : F=ma
= 50 x 0.4= 20 N
In gravitational units:

F= m
xa
g
= ( 50/9.8) x 0.4

= 2.04 kgf

9M303.14 11
 Summary

In this lesson we have discussed about:

Unit of force
Law of conversation of Momentum
Recoil of Gun

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 Quiz
1.Unit of force is

a. Newton
b. m/sec2
c. Stroke
d. m/sec

9M303.14 13
 Questions

1. State law of conservation of momentum

2. A bullet of mass 0.05kg is fixed horizontally with

velocity of 800m/s from a gun of mass 1000kg. Find
the velocity of recoil of gun

9M303.14 14