APPLIED MOTOR

CONTROL
This is where our presentation begins
 Table of Contents

01Components of Fitness 03 Six Facets of the power

Yoga for sport system
• Aerobic Fitness • Balance • Focus
• Anaerobic Fitness • Strength • Breathing
• Flexibility
• Mental Toughness

02 Types of Fitness 04 Modelling Before Task

• Flexibility Training Performance
• Strength Endurance Training
• Neuromuscular coordination
• Body Composition
• Rest
 Table of Contents
05 Skills Acquisition
• Amount of practice • Role of Feedback
• Whole and Part practice • Strategy of skills acquisition
• Constant and Variable practice
• The role of mental practice
• Specificity and location of practice
06 Types of Augmented Feedback
• Composition of Augmented Feedback
• Prescriptive Information offering possible solution to be used for the
next attempt
• Special consideration for the individual with Neurological Impairment

Effects of Physical Guidance and Knowledge of results

07 on motor learning
 Definition of Terms
• Fitness – the quality or state of being fit
• Acquisition – the act of acquiring something; something or someone 
acquired or gained
• Feedback – the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about
an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source
• Augmented – made greater, larger, or more complete
• Yoga – a system of physical postures, breathing techniques, and
sometimes meditation
• Components – a part that combines with other parts to form something
 01
Components of Fitness
 Components of Fitness
Important:

1. AEROBIC FITNESS - Aerobic exercise is any type of cardiovascular conditioning, or

“cardio.” Your breathing and heart rate will increase during aerobic activities. Aerobic
exercise helps keep your heart, lungs, and circulatory system healthy.

2. ANAEROBIC FITNESS - Anaerobic exercises, such as weightlifting or sprinting,

involve quick bursts of energy. They’re performed at maximum effort for a short time.
Generally, these activities are of short length with high intensity.
 Difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic
Fitness
Aerobic exercise a type of exercise that strengthens your heart and lungs in
addition to the muscle groups you’re using during your workout.
These include:
 Walking
 Running
 Dancing
 Cycling
 Zumba
 Difference between Aerobic and Anerobic
Fitness
Anaerobic exercise prompts your body to demand more energy than your
aerobic system can produce. Typically last for short bursts or short periods and
typically have high intensity.
These include:
 weightlifting
 jumping or jumping rope
 sprinting
 high-intensity interval training (HIIT)
 biking
 02
Types of Fitness
 Types of Fitness
1. Flexibility Training
 Flexibility training help you perform better during sports activities or other
physical activities.

 Flexibility exercise stretch your muscles and can help your body stay flexible.
 Types of Fitness
2. Strength Endurance Training
 This style of workout consists of a superset of similar motions performed with a
strength and stability exercise variation executed one right after the other. 

 Strength endurance training means training with a high number of repetitions at

low weights.
 Types of Fitness
3. Neuromuscular coordination
 Neuromuscular training focuses on correcting that specific pattern, also known as
motor control or muscle memory.

 Teaching nerves how to make the muscles work in a way that is consistent with
best performance and lower injury risk.
 Types of Fitness
4. Body Composition

 It refers to the percentage of fat, bone, and

muscle in your body. This helps them find
out your level of health.

 Assessing body composition can help you

find  how much of your body is made up
of fat and muscle mass.
 Types of Fitness
5. Rest
 Rest and recovery is an important aspect of an
exercise program because it allows the body time to
repair and strengthen itself in between workouts. It
also allows the athlete to recover, both physically
and psychologically.

 The body is allowed to adapt to the stress

associated with exercise, replenishes muscle
glycogen (energy stores) and provides time for the
body tissue to repair.

 Sleep is another important aspect of rest and

recovery when it comes to sports performance.
 03
Six Facets of the Power
Yoga for Sport System
 Six Facets of the Power Yoga for Sport
System
1. Balance
 Balance can be understood in two ways: in terms of dynamic equilibrium and in
terms of the body's symmetry and alignment.

 Balance in relation to Power Yoga for Sports is the ability to move your body
accurately and efficiently while playing your sport.

 It also involves being agile enough to change position on a dime without falling or
losing your bearings.
 Six Facets of the Power Yoga for Sport
System
2. Strength
 Addressing how to build functional strength by practicing well-designed strength-
building poses.

 Functional strength training should be thought in terms of a movement range. The

goal of functional strength is to make improvements in one movement enhance the
performance of another movement.

 ​Athletes performs a wide range of movements like jogging, running, jumping,

lifting. pushing, pulling, bending, twisting, turning, standing, starting, and
stopping, to improve functional strength, they must train to improve the
relationship between the nervous and muscular systems.
 Six Facets of the Power Yoga for Sport
System
3. Flexibility
 Consistent with our emphasis on symmetry, an athlete should try to be equally
strong and flexible.

 The key to increasing flexibility is for an athlete to

• Identify the spots that are the tightest and that impede sport performance,
• perform flexibility work consistently to preserve gains and continue to improve,
• listen to the body while holding poses and adjust if needed,
• and breathe.

 Athletes who follow these guidelines are more apt to stick to the plan and see
greater improvements. The idea is to get deeper into the poses than the last time
you performed them.
 Six Facets of the Power Yoga for Sport
System
4. Mental Toughness
 Mental toughness comes into training when we are challenged to hold poses using
strength, flexibility, and breath.

 This type of training trains the physical body, and it also prepares the athlete for
difficult game situations.

 Having stellar mental toughness gives an athlete the ability to perform at a high
level no matter how high the stakes are, how intense the pressure is, or how
extreme the stress level is.

 Toughness is often described as being a muscle to train and build; the more you
challenge it and stick to your goals, the better and more developed it becomes.
 Six Facets of the Power Yoga for Sport
System
5. Focus
 Focus is critical to being a superior athlete, and there are two types of focus
worthy of our discussion.

 Externally, athletes can focus their eyes and their gaze for better physical balance;
internally, they can focus on finding calm in uncomfortable situations by not
allowing distractions to draw their attention away from a game or goal.

 Finding calm in an uncomfortable situation is the essence of sports and an

important part of finding that internal focus.
 Six Facets of the Power Yoga for Sport
System
6. Breathing
 Breathing is the cornerstone of life. Proper breathing in athletics and sport
performance can make or break the outcome.

 Breathing techniques will enable you to teach your athletes longevity on the field,
ease of play, and a look of effortlessness.

 Some athletes experience pregame anxiety. Anxiety is a natural reaction to

pressures in the environment and part of the preparation for the fight-or-flight
response.

 However many of these elements they face, well-trained athletes can refocus their
stress, breathe, and reveal a calmer attitude to succeed.
 Six Facets of the Power Yoga for Sport
System
 Yoga can and should be an important part of every athlete's training.
 We are all different, from skeletal structure to muscle to life experiences; encourage
athletes to find what works best for them so they can reap the best and quickest rewards.
Examples:

SEATED CROSSED-LEGGED POSE STANDING FORWARD BEND DOWNWARD DOG

 04
Modeling Before Task
Performance
 Modeling Before Task Performance
 Modeling is the process of observing, understanding, and imitating someone else's
behavior. It's a vital part of learning any new skill or behavior—and it can be especially
valuable when you're trying to learn a new task.

 When we model before task performance, we are able to use the knowledge we have
gained from previous experiences and apply it in new situations. Involves the application
of motor control to create an accurate representation of your work environment in order
to make sure you're always ready for anything that might come up during development.

 For example, if you're trying to learn how to play an instrument, you can watch an expert
musician perform as many times as you need until you're comfortable with their
movements.
 Modeling Before Task Performance

 For example, if you're trying to learn how to play an instrument, you can watch an expert
musician perform as many times as you need until you're comfortable with their
movements.
 05
Skills Acquisition
 Skills Acquisition
1. Amount of Practice

- When it comes to learning a new skill, the more you practice, the
better you'll get at it.

- The amount of practice an athlete receives is a direct correlation to

their success. The more they train, the more they can improve their skill
in a position or sport, but it's not just about how much time you put in—
it's also about how you spend that time.

- This means taking their time and making sure that what their
practicing is actually helping them become better at what their doing.
 Skills Acquisition
2. Whole and Part Practice
- A whole practice is a set of exercises that are performed together and interlock. One
of the main aspects of whole practice is that it involves both practice and application.
For example, in a whole practice, you would perform curls with barbells,
then perform squats with dumbbells, and then perform bicep curls with dumbbells.

-A part practice is one or more exercises that are performed separately from each other.
The idea behind part practice is that it allows us to focus on specific areas of learning.
For example, you could do your biceps curls one arm at a time, or you could do
your triceps push-downs one armBig at anumbers
time. catch your audience’s attention
 Skills Acquisition
3. Constant and Variable Practice
- In constant practice, the number of repetitions is kept constant. The amount of time
spent on each repetition is fixed.
For example, in a constant practice, you would perform curls with barbells with
consistency to be able to adapt it to your body.

-In variable practice, the number of repetitions varies but does not vary too much from
one repetition to another. The amount of time spent on each repetition varies from one
repetition to another.
For example, in a variableBigpractice,
numbersyou would
catch perform different
your audience’s attentionversions of
jumping.
 Skills Acquisition
4. The role of mental Practice

- Mental practice can be effective for learning and relearning skills and for preparing to
perform learned skills.

- Mental practice the cognitive rehearsal of a physical skill in the absence of overt

physical movements; it can take the form of thinking about the cognitive or procedural
aspects of a motor skill, or of engaging in visual or kinesthetic imagery of the
performance of a skill or part of a skill.
 Skills Acquisition
5. Specificity and location of Practice
- For example, various environmental factors that compose a study context
(heat, color, room conditions, etc) seem to have an influence on remembering the
information that has been learned.

- According to Proteau and his colleagues they suggest that learning involves a
sensorimotor representation that integrates the motor components with the sensory
information available during practice.
 Skills Acquisition
6. Role of Feedback
- Feedback is very important when it comes to motor learning. Some form of
feedback is essential for learning to take place.

-
When people perform a motor skill, they have access to two general types of
performance related information (i.e. feedback) which will predict the outcome
of performance.

Extrinsic feedback can also come in the form of tactile or auditory cueing. It is use as a
Bigorientation.
mirror as a visualization of midline numbers catch your audience’s attention

Intrinsic feedback, on the other hand, comes from within a person.

 Skills Acquisition
7. Strategy of skill acquisition
- Skill acquisition, also referred to as motor learning and control is the interdisciplinary
science of intention, perception, action, and calibration of the performer-environment
relationship.

- In simplified terms, skill acquisition refers to voluntary control over movements of

joints and body segments in an effort to solve a motor skill problem and achieve a task
goal.

- Skill acquisition occurs through the creation

Big numbers andaudience’s
catch your adaptation of a functional
attention
relationship with the environment, rather than the formation of an entity.
 06
Types of Augmented
Feedback
 Types of Augmented Feedback

Augmented feedback (AF) can play an important role when

learning or improving a motor skill. 

- The term ‘augmented’ feedback is used because additional information

provided by an external source is added to the task-intrinsic feedback
that originates from a person's sensory system.

- Numerous studies from various fields within sport science (exercise

science, sports medicine, motor control and learning, psychology etc.)
have investigated the potential influence of AF on performance
improvements. 
 Types of Augmented Feedback
1. Composition of Augmented Feedback
a) In this case it involves adding to or improving task intrinsic
feedback. The task intrinsic feedback can be augmented in
various ways; however, augmented feedback mainly
improves the task intrinsic feedback in two distinct ways.

a.1.Knowledge of result refers to performance of a skill.

Feedback about the outcome of the athlete’s performance.

a.2.Knowledge of performance refers to movement-related

characteristics associated with the outcome of the performance.
 Types of Augmented Feedback
2. Prescriptive Information offering possible solution to be used for the next
attempt
- Prescriptive analytics specifically factors information about possible situations or
scenarios, available resources, past performance, and current performance, and
suggests a course of action or strategy.

3. Special consideration for the individual with Neurological Impairment 

- Neurorehabilitation is a complex medical process which aims to aid recovery from
a nervous system injury, and to minimize and/or compensate for any functional
alterations resulting from it.
- Research has shown that exercise can improve gait, balance, tremor, flexibility, grip
strength and motor coordination in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
 07
Effects of Physical Guidance
and Knowledge of results on
Motor learning
Effects of Physical Guidance and Knowledge of
results on Motor learning
• Physical Guidance is to facilitate motor learning of a person.

• Knowledge of result is knowledge about achieving the goal of the

performance or externally presented information about the outcome of
performing a skill.

• Through the Physical Guidance and Knowledge of

results, learners are encouraged to engage in a trial
and error method of skill performance.
Effects of Physical Guidance and Knowledge of
results on Motor learning
• Subjects practiced movements to a target with either physical guidance
or knowledge of results, and with either a high or faded relative
frequency.

• The high frequency physical guidance condition resulted in the poorest

retention, and both high frequency feedback conditions resulted in the
least accuracy in transfer.

• These results provide support for the guidance hypothesis and suggest
consideration of the combined effects on learning of the type and
relative frequency of augmented feedback and acquisition-test
conditions.
 Note:
Applied Motor Control is the use of
feedback to improve motor skill
performance.
 Reporters

Colin Faith Canalija Jane Elizabeth Guerzon Trisha Andaya

 Reporters

Niño Razel Baruiz Danica Georlin Rabino

 Reporters

Arjay Ablao Bia Bianca Coronado

THANK YOU!

END

Kim Bation- PPT