MAKING BEDS AND

COTS
Bed is a piece of furniture
for sleep or rest and
typically has a framework
with mattress and
coverings.

Cot is a small bed specially

for infants and very young
children.
TYPES OF LINENS
Linens used in housekeeping include everything from kitchen
tablecloths at home to surgical masks in the hospital and to
beddings at hotel.
KITCHEN AND DINING ROOM LINENS
These include table cloth, table skirt, silence cloth, table
runners, table napkin, placemat, dishcloth, apron, hand, and
tea towels.
BED LINENS
Bed linens are often called “bedding”. The bed linen type can
refer strictly to sheet sets or be expanded to incorporate all
fabric products utilize in the bedroom.
 TYPES OF BEDROOM LINENS
1. Top sheet – is also known as
a flat sheet. It is the sheet you
put over the top of the bed to
separate you from the
comforter or duvet.
2. Bottom sheet or fitted sheet
– is the sheet with the elastic-
edge that is used to fit over the
mattress, hence the name
bottom or fitted sheet.
3. Coverlet – is a
decorative fabric covering
that does not touch the floor
and normally does not
cover the pillows.

4. Bedspread – is similar to
a coverlet – a thin,
decorative covering – but
normally covers the entire
bed and touches the floor.
5. Blanket or throw – is a
small covering normally
found at the foot of a bed
used for extra warmth or
decorative accents.

6. Comforter – is a bed
cover stuffed with fibers or
down then sewed together
at all four sides.
7. Duvet – is similar to a
comforter except that it requires
the use of a duvet cover, where
a comforter does not.

8. Duvet cover – is used over

a comforter or duvet. It will
have an opening where the
comforter or duvet is inserted,
once placed inside, its opening
is closed with buttons.
9. Euro or continental
pillow – is a large
decorative square pillow
that sits back against the
headboard.

10. Sleeping pillow – is a

medium-sized rectangular
pillow that you lay your head
on when sleeping.
11. Decorative pillow – also
referred to as an accent or
throw pillow, is a small pillow
that comes in many shapes,
sizes, and colors to add
decoration to a bed.

12. Bolster pillow – is a

tubular pillow used to lean
back against for lumbar
support but typically it is used
as a decorative pillow or
accent pillow.
13. Pillowcase – is used to
cover a sleeping pillow and
sometimes decorative or
bolster pillows.

14. Pillow sham – is similar to

a pillowcase but it does not
open on one side, instead it
has a flange, which is an extra
piece of fabric that extends
from where the pillow sham is
sewn on each side.
15. Bed skirt – is
decorative piece of
bedding placed between
the mattress and box
springs.

16. Bathroom linen –

includes the bath towel
and bath sheet.
MAKE BEDS AND COTS
How to Make a Bed
1. Gather your bed linens. The type and quantity of linens
you use depends on the style of the room and the bed.
Mattress pad with elastic edging
Fitted sheet
Flat sheet
Pillowcases
Blanket
Quilt, comforter or duvet
2 standard pillow shams
2. Remove used linens.
3. Cover the bed with an under blanket.
4. Tuck the bottom sheet under head, then under the foot
of the mattress.
5. Make hospital corners.
To make hospital corner:
a. Tuck the end of the top sheet between the mattress
and box springs at the foot of the bed.
b. On one side, grab a piece of top sheet approximately
16 inches away from the foot of the bed.
c. Holding the folded piece of sheet in place of top of the
mattress, tuck in any sheet hanging below the mattress on
that side of the bed.
d. Let the folded piece of sheet on top of the mattress
drop down.
e. Repeat on the opposite side of the bed.
6. Add the top sheet.
7. Add blanket, comforter, or duvet.
8. Add pillows.
How to Make Cot Linen
Materials Needed:
Fabric
3/8” braided elastic
Thread
Sewing machine and basic sewing kit
Fitted sheet
Procedure:
1. Take the measurements.
2. Calculate the fabric yardage and minimum width and
elastic yardage.
3. Prewash and dry the fabric.
4. Cut the fabric to a rectangle that measures as follows:
Length x width
5. Fold the rectangle raw edges together then selvedges
together.
6. Cut out a square measuring through the four layers of
fabric.
7. Sew each pair of raw edges at each of the four corners
together using French seams.
8. Make the elastic casing.
9. Fold and press under the raw edge of the sheet twice to
make the elastic casing.
10. Insert the elastic.
11. Test and adjust the elastic fit.
12. Finish the elastic and casing.
PROPER CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE OF COT
1. For PVC coverings, it is recommended that the mattress be
regularly wiped down with a mild solution of warm water
and disinfectant or mattress.
2. For fabric coverings hand wash with a mild non-biological
detergent.
3. Fabric covers can also be machine washed using a
nonbiological detergent.
4. For minor soils, spot clean with a mild solution of warm
water and nonbiological detergent.
5. Do not dry clean due to chemical content of dry cleaning
solution on a baby’s sleeping surface.
6. Always ensure that the mattresses are completely dry
before using.
7. Turn the mattress regularly to help maintain its shape and
keep it aired.
8. A safe cot mattress is one that is the right size for the cot,
is firm, and clean.
9. Always remove the polythene wrapping from the
mattress.
10. Never put soft bedding under the bottom sheet as this
makes the sleeping surface too soft.
Proper Cleaning of the Mattress
To keep a mattress in top condition make sure you do the
following:
1. Change bed linen weekly.
2. Air mattress for a minimum of two hours between linen
changes.
3. Flip a reversible mattress every couple of weeks for the
first few months, gradually increasing the weeks
between flips after that.
4. Rotate the mattress 180°, swapping the head and feet
ends in nonreversible mattresses, such as pillow tops.
5. Wash removable covers regularly.
6. Vacuum the mattress, particularly between piping and
crevices, to remove dead skin cells that attract dust mites.
7. Invest in a mattress protector and clean regularly or
replace every other year.
8. Cover the mattress, to protect it and extend time
between cleanings.
9. Remove dust from the mattress surface.
10. If the mattress surface becomes dirty or soiled, use
an upholstery shampoo.
CLEANING THE TOILET AND
BATHROOM
As part of maintaining a hygienic household, it is important
to make sure that your toilet and bathroom are clean.
CLEANING THE TOILET
Cleaning toilet can be a very disgusting chore, but at least
it is uncomplicated.
Toilet cleaning can be easy with the right materials.
1. After putting on your gloves, flush the toilet to moisten
the inside of the bowl.
2. Remove anything on top of the tank to prevent dropping
items into the bowl during cleaning.
3. Apply the toilet cleaner to the edges of the bowl,
making sure to get a generous amount under the rim.
4. Clean the inside of toilet bowl.
5. Clean the toilet seat.
6. Wipe up any drips or spills.
7. Flush the toilet again.
8. Using the disinfectant spray and sponge, swab the
seat, lid, and the rest of the toilet.
CLEANING THE BATHROOM
Cleaning the bathroom is not as difficult or time consuming as
you might think.
1. Washbasin
a. Remove any objects in or around the basin.
b. Fill the sink with hot water.
c. Empty the sink, and apply any specific cleaning agents
you want to use, including your vinegar or other products
to remove lime scale.
d. Scrub the whole basin down thoroughly.
e. Rinse out the basin and wipe it down, either with multi-
surface wipes or the microfiber cloth.
2. Tub and Tile
a. Sprinkle baking soda in place of scouring powder in
your tub or on the tiles.
b. To remove film buildup or bathtubs, apply full strength
vinegar to a sponge and wipe the area.
c. Vinegar removes most dirt without scrubbing and does
not leave a film.
d. To clean grout, put 3 cups baking soda into a medium-
sized bowl and add 1 cup warm water.
3. Showers and Baths
Showers and baths require roughly the same treatment. For
the shower floor and bathtub, you can use natural acidic
agents like vinegar and lemon juice.
 TYPES OF BATHROOM FIXTURES AND FITTINGS
Bathroom Fixtures
1. Water Closet or Toilet Pans –
the pan is the main structure of
the toilet, it holds water, creates
space for the seat, and attaches
to the cistern to enable water to
flush through.
2. Lavatory – it is a bowl or basin
with running water for washing
or bathing purposes.
3. Baths and Bathtubs – it is
a large container for holding
water in which a person may
bathe.

4. Showers – it is a bathroom
fixture in which a person
bathes under a spray of,
typically warm or hot water.

5. Bathroom cabinet
(medicine cabinet) – it is a
cabinet in bathroom.
BATHROOM FITTINGS
1. Taps – taps can come in
matching bathroom sets, but can
also be mixed and matched to
great effect.

2. Shower head – it is the

apparatus at the end of a water
source that disperses water to
provide an even flow under
which to wash.
3. Towel rails – it is a
horizontal bar on the wall, or
frame with a horizontal bar,
used to hang towels on.

4. Traps, drains, and

wastes – these are also
called drains and plugholes.
5. Soap dishes and recesses –
soap dish holds a bar of soap
when not in use for hand washing
or other cleaning purposes near a
washing area such as a bathtub or
washbasin.

6. Toothbrush holder – the

toothbrushes should always
remain hygienic and must be kept
in clutter-free environment.
7. Electrical fittings and outlets
– electricity is used all over
bathrooms for lighting, ventilation,
and to supply power to appliances.

8. Exhaust fans – kitchens and

bathrooms can become very
steamy and stuffy, and powered
ventilation fans are an excellent
way of providing fast, effective
ventilation to these areas.