THREE-PHASE

INDUCTION MOTORS

● Induction Motors are electrical device that converts electrical energy into

mechanical power.

● An induction motor is a type of brushless electric motor in which an alternating

supply fed to the windings of the stator creates a magnetic field that induces a
current in the windings of the rotor.

● Power is transferred to the rotor by electromagnetic induction, much like

transformer action. 

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TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS:

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PARTS OF A THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR:

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WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR:

 ● An induction motor consist of two main parts stator and rotor.

 The stationary or outer part is called stator while rotating part from which we
get the mechanical output is called rotor.

 ● It is called an 'induction' motor, because its working principle is simply

based on electromagnetic induction.

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WORKING PRINCIPLE AN INDUCTION MOTOR:

Induction Motor Working Principle Animation.mp4

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 SYNCHRONOUS SPEED:

● The Synchronous Speed refers to the stator rotating magnetic field, which

depends on the number of poles and frequency.

● The Synchronous Speed is given by:

 N = 120f/P

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 SLIP and ROTOR SPEED:

 ● Although the rotor of an induction motor must rotate in the same direction as the
revolving field, it cannot do so at synchronous speed.

 ● Rotor power can only be developed when the rotor conductors are cut by lines of
force when revolving field moves faster than the rotor.

 ● The difference between the revolving field synchronous speed and the actual rotor
speed is called the Slip Speed.

 S = Ns – Nr

 % S = Ns – Nr/Ns x 100%
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 MOTOR TORQUE & HORSEPOWER

 ● Torque is a twisting or turning ‘force such as the turning of a shaft in an electric

motor.

 • Horsepower is the same twisting or turning effect as related to time.

 • Torque is usually measured in English Unit as in Foot-Pound.

 • In Metric Unit, Torque is in Newton-Meters.

 • Horsepower is in English Unit: Foot-Pound per Minute.

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 MOTOR TORQUE & HORSEPOWER

 ● The formula that relates these two to each other is as follows:

 T = HP/RPM x 5250 
 Where:

 T - torque

 HP - horsepower

 RPM - shaft speed expressed in minutes

 5250 - mathematical constant.


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 MOTOR TORQUE & HORSEPOWER

 • By looking at the formula we can see that:

 1) For a given speed- if Horsepower increases, Torque also increases.

 2) If RPM increases torque decreases for a given horsepower.

 • A 1800 rpm motor develops about 3 ft-lbs/hp

 A 3,600 rpm motor develops about 1.5 ft-lbs/hp

 • Likewise for a given RPM the way to get more Torque is to increase Horsepower.

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 MOTOR NAMEPLATE:

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ELECTRICAL MACHINES & POWER DISTRIBUTION
 Horsepower Rating

 ● Rated horsepower—Horsepower, abbreviated as HP is the measure of how

much work a motor can be expected to do. This value is based on the motor's

full-load torque and full-load speed ratings.

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 Voltage
 ● Voltage rating is abbreviated V on the nameplate of a motor. It indicates the

voltage at which the motor is designed to operate.

 ● The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) requires that the

motor be able to carry its rated horsepower at nameplate voltage plus or minus ten

percent (±10%).

 ● A motor connected to a higher voltage will burn immediately. A motor connected

to a lower voltage will be a slow running motor that overheats and trips out.
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 Amps

 ● Nameplate amps, also called “Full Load Amps” is the amount of current the motor can
be expected to draw under full load conditions.

 ● Abbreviated A or AMPS.

 RPM
 ● The speed at which full-load torque is delivered for the rated voltage and frequency For
most induction motors, full load speed can be between 96% and 99% of the no load speed
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 Frame
 ● Refers to a set of physical dimensions of motors as established by NEMA and IEC.

Frame sizes include physical size, construction, dimensions and certain physical
characteristics of a motor. When you are changing a motor, selecting the same frame
size regardless of manufacturer ensures the mounting mechanism and the hole
positions will match.

 Dimensionally, NEMA standards are expressed in English units and IEC standards are
expressed in Metric units. NEMA and IEC standards both use letter codes to indicate
specific mechanical dimensions, plus number codes for general frame size.
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 Frequency
 ● To operate successfully, the motor frequency must match the power system
(supply) frequency. In United States as well as in Philippines, frequency is 60
Hz (cycles). In other parts of the world, the frequency may be 50 or 60 Hz.

Phase
 ● The indication of the type of power supply for which the motor is
designed

 ● The two main categories are single phase and three phase
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 Service Factor
 ● Service Factor (SF) is an indicator of the amount of overload a motor can
be expected to handle.

 ● Common values of service factor:

 1.0
 1.15
 1.25

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MOTOR NAMEPLATE:

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END

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