SYSTEMATICS

BASED ON
EVOLUTIONARY
RELATIONSHIPS
TREE OF LIFE AND
SYSTEMATICS
Learning Competency
> The learners should be able to explain how
the structural and developmental
characteristics and relatedness in DNA
sequences are used to classify living things.
Specific Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
 describe the multiple lines of evidence used to infer
evolutionary relatedness;
 discuss how anatomical, developmental and relatedness
in DNA sequences are used as evidence to infer the
relatedness of taxa; and
 explain that classification is based on evolutionary
relatedness.
PRE - TEST
GET ½ SHEET OF PAPER
What makes you unique and what makes you
similar? To your siblings, mother, or father.

SIMILARITIES UNIQUE
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
DEFINITI
ON OF
TERMS
Homology
Homology is a term that is used to describe how
the structures, DNA, or development of two species
are similar. If two species have homologies it
means that they have a common ancestor.
Example of Homology
Molecular clock
Measures the number of changes in a genome
over time.
The molecular clock is a figurative term for a
technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules
to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life
forms diverged
Example of Molecular Clock
Phylogeny
The history of the evolution of a species or
group, especially in reference to lines of
descent and relationships among broad groups
of organisms.
Example of Phylogeny
Systematics
Systematics is a broad field of biology
that studies the diversification of species.
Example of Systematics
Tetrapods
Tetrapods pertain to the vertebrates having
four limbs or leg-like appendages. In taxonomy,
these animals belong to the superclass
Tetrapoda.
Example of Tetrapods
Developmental Biology
Studying the embryological development of
living things provides clues to the evolution of the
present-day organisms.
 Lines of
evidence to infer
evolutionary
relationships
 1.) Fossil
Evidence
>The evidence of 2.) Homologies
bacteria, animals,
and plants that >The result of
lived in the past. descent from
a common
ancestor.
 3.)
Biogeography
>The study of the 4.) Molecular
geographic
distribution of Clocks
plants, animals, >Measures the
and other forms of
life.
number of
changes in a
genome over
time.
 5.) Biologists
>Study living things, including
people, animals and plants.
Phylogenetic Tree of Life
Thank you for listening…
MEMBER
S:
Piquero, Ace Abadiano,
Angelyn

Bahin, Daisy