DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

TELECOMMUNICATION

PROJECT TITTLE: AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF AN

AIRCRAFT RUNWAY LIGHTS
PROJECT TYPE: PROBLEM SOLVING
STUDENT NAME: SHADRACK MAGABE
REGISTRATION NUMBER: 200620729893
CLASS: OD20 ETE
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2022/2023
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• light relay for switching aircraft runway lights

which may lead to accident during landing of
an airplane .
 INTRODUCTION

• This project was done by previous candidate.

• Some drawbacks where discovered through

the intensive study.
• Proposed system came up with the solution for
the drawbacks found.
 GENERAL OBJECTIVES

• The main objective of this project is to

implement automatic control of an aircraft
runway lights for safe landing during the time
when the runway is not well visible.
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

• To implement power supply unit.

• To implement sensor unit.

• To implement voltage comparator unit.

• To implement switching unit.

• To implement the whole system and test it.

 SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT

• It reduces aircraft crushing during landing.

• It provide visible light for the airplane runway

when it is dark.
• Is very easy and cheap circuit.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• FIRST EXISTING BLOCK DIAGRAM
• FIRST EXISTING CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• EXISTING BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power
input Sensor Amplifier

Output Switching
• EXISTING CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 PROPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM

• PROPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM

PROPOSED CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 METHODS

• This part explains different steps that are taken

to accomplish the objectives of the project

i. Performing literature review.

ii.Data collection.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• This involves studying the existing systems
and their drawbacks. This was achieved
through.
• reading relevant books
• surfing the internet
• consulting my lecturers and other
professionals in this field
 DATA COLLECTION

• The data were collected through ;

i. Primary data collection.

ii.Secondary data collection.

 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION

• This are type of data collected directly from

the field or they called first-hand information
Interview method
 INTERVIEW METHOD

• The interview was done at Ngerengere airport;

• Is the existing runway light switching system

available at the airport? If YES does it satisfy
the aviation?
• Do they see an importance of having a time
relay for switching aircraft runway lights in
this airport?
• Is the proposed system relevant and most
needed at the airport?
• During raining time, it become difficult for the
pilots to land on due to poor visibility
• Also, when there is a slight darkness the
runway lights continues to be OFF.
 SECONDARY DATA
COLLECTION
• Secondary data are data obtained from the
secondary sources example the existing
records
 LIST OF COMPONENTS AND
THEIR SPECIFICATION
Component Symbol Specification Quantity
       
Resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 10K, 10K, 10K, 1K 4

Variable Resistor RV1 50K 1

Diode D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 1N4007 5

Voltage Regulator U1 IC 7809 1

Transistor Q1 BC 557 1
Relay RL1 9V 1
Light Dependent Resistor LDR   1

Capacitors C1, C2, 3.3uf, 2.2uf 1

Op-amp IC1 LM 741 1
• SPECIFICATION OF THE PROPOSED
INVETER SYSTEM
Parameter Value
 

Input Voltage 9V DC

Output Voltage 220-240V AC

Output Frequency 50Hz

Loads Operated Lamp

• Power supply specification
Parameter Description
Input Voltage 220-240V AV
Transformer Center tapped transformer
Rectification Full wave rectifier

• Transistor specification
Parameter Value

Type Silicon NPN bipolar transistor

Operating Power 625mW
Operating Temperature 150℃
• Transformer specification
Parameter Value

Type Center tapped transformer

Primary Voltage 12V DC

Secondary Voltage 220V AC

• Light dependent resistor specification

Parameter Value
Operating voltage 3.3V – 5V
Operating Current 15mA
Output voltage based on light on it 0V – 5V
• Tools and equipments
Tools and Equipments Quantity

Digital multimeter 1

Bread board 1

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 1

Soldering gun 1

Soldering wire 1 roller

 DATA ANALYSIS
• This chapter explains how various data
collected are related to implement
specification and calculations. The analysis
was based on mathematical calculations from
theories and formulars.
 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

• TRANSFORMER
Input voltage (Vp)= 240V AC
Primary winding (Np) =120
Secondary winding (Ns) =6
Output voltage (Vs) =?
Vs = Ns×VpNp
= 240v×6120
= 12v
Output voltage (Vs)= 12v
 RECTIFIER

From Vmax = 12v

Since VDC =
=
Therefore VDC = 7.644V
Then IC 7809 regulates the voltage to 9 DC
voltage as the output power supply voltage.
 SENSOR UNIT
From Vin = 9v
RLDR = 85K
RV1 = 50K
V+in =?
V+in = Vin ()
= 9v)
Therefore V+in = 3.3v
R2 = 10K
R3 = 10K
V-in = Vin ()
= 9v)
Therefore V-in = 4.5v
 VOLTAGE COMPARATOR

V+in = 3.3v

V-in = 4.5v

VIC = V+in - V-in

= 3.3v - 4.5v
Therefore, output voltage comparator is 1.17V
 TABLE OF COMPARISION
• CALCULATED VALUES
POWER SUPPLY UNIT SENSOR UNIT COMPARATOR UNIT

Input voltage(v) Output Input voltage(v) Output Input voltage(v) Output

voltage(v) voltage(v) voltage(v)

240AC 9DC 9DC 3.3DC 4.5 and 3.3 1.17DC

• SIMULATED VALUES
POWER SUPPLY UNIT SENSOR UNIT COMPARATOR UNIT

Input voltage(v) Output Input voltage(v) Output voltage(v) Input voltage(v) Output
voltage(v) voltage(v)

240AC 9DC 9DC 3.1DC 4.5 and 3.1 1.49DC

SIMULATED CIRCUIT
END

OF THE

PRESENTATION