Advanced Fluid Mechanics

By Tsegaye G. for M.Sc. In Thermal Engineering

Concept of continuum and definition of a
fluid.
 Definition
 Body: Mathematical abstraction of an object that occurs in nature
 In continuum mechanics a body B is a collection of elements which can be put into one-to-
one correspondence with some region R of Euclidean point space. An element p ∈ B is
called a particle (or material point).
 Mapping χ (Configuration)that taking particles p ∈B into their geometric locations y ∈R
in three-dimensional Euclidean space: y = χ(p) where p ∈B, y ∈R
 A body B that occupies a region R in a configuration X
Body, Configuration and region

 Fig
Application

 Aerospace
 Appliances
 Automotive
 Biomedical
 Chemical Processing
 HVAC&R
 Hydraulics
 Marine
 Oil & Gas
 Power Generation
 Sports
 Application
 Aerospace
 Appliances • Interior & exterior
 Automotive • -fire propagation in
 Biomedical
combustion chamber
 Chemical Processing
 HVAC&R • Air conditioning
 Hydraulics • Unintentional
 Marine
conditions such as fire
 Oil & Gas
 Power Generation
setups
 Sports
Application

 Aerospace
 Appliances
 Automotive
 Biomedical
 Chemical Processing
 HVAC&R
 Hydraulics
 Marine
 Oil & Gas
 Power Generation
 Sports
Application

 Aerospace
 Appliances
 Automotive
 Biomedical
 Chemical Processing
 HVAC&R
 Hydraulics
 Marine
 Oil & Gas
 Power Generation
 Sports
Application

 Aerospace
 Appliances
 Automotive
 Biomedical
 Chemical Processing
 HVAC&R
 Hydraulics
 Marine
 Oil & Gas
 Power Generation
 Sports
Application

 Aerospace
 Appliances
 Automotive
 Biomedical
 Chemical Processing
 HVAC&R
 Hydraulics
 Marine
 Oil & Gas
 Power Generation
 Sports
Application

 Aerospace
 Appliances
 Automotive
 Biomedical
 Chemical Processing
 HVAC&R
 Hydraulics
 Marine
 Oil & Gas
 Power Generation
 Sports
Application

 Aerospace
 Appliances
 Automotive
 Biomedical
 Chemical Processing
 HVAC&R
 Hydraulics
 Marine
 Oil & Gas
 Power Generation
 Sports
Application

 Aerospace
 Appliances
 Automotive
 Biomedical
 Chemical Processing
 HVAC&R
 Hydraulics
 Marine
 Oil & Gas
 Power Generation
 Sports
RTT
RTT Simplification

 The above equation can be minimized to it’s general form as [writing an outflow and
inflow in one equation]

 This equation can be re-written for different conservations.

Conservation of mass [=0]

 Where q=m=rho*dv, n=m/m=1,

 =+
 =+
 And by definition m=
 Simplifying this to non deformable control volume [constant/libenz not neededand
stationary control volume
Conservation of mass

 =+
 Using divergence theorem, surface integral can be changed in to volume integral
 =
 Hence 0=+

 Bearing in mind that the choice of d is arbitrary, the limits of integral also is arbitrary only
in control volume
 Where the new equation developed =0
Mass conservation
 The former is continuum sets of equation and the latter is discreet sets of equation
 =0 continuity equation over fixed non deformable volume
 Linear momentum conservation
 [system=cv interaction] q=mv=rho*v*dv, n=mv/m=v;
 =+
 =+
 =+
 the newton’s 2nd law adjusted for control

volume
Simplifying
 =
=+
+
+

=0
Surface and body force

 Body force act on an entire volume