TEACHERS: Evert Martino / Raquel Ramos / Miriam

Chayán.

Learning Goal:
❑ To study differences between
Defining and Non-defining Relative
Clauses.
who where

RELATIVE CLAUSES
which whose
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
 This is the bank. It was robbed yesterday.

This is the bank which / that was robbed yesterday.

Combine
Do we
When
the twodo
Areknow
the two
we use the
sentences
anything
sentences
pronoun
usingthe
about
related?
« it »
another
bank?
pronoun.

it: It’s used to talk about things & animals.

which / that
 This is the girl. She called the police.

This is the girl who / that called the police.

Combine
Do we
the two
When do
Areknow
the two
sentences
we use the
sentences
anything
using
pronoun
related?
about the
another
« she »
girl?
pronoun.

she: It’s used to talk about a person.

who / that
 This is the police station. She reported the theft there.

This is the police station where she reported the theft.

Combine
Do we
When
the twodo
Areknow
the two
we use the
sentences
anything
sentences
adverb
using
about the p.
related?
« there »
another
station?
pronoun.

there: It’s used to talk about a place.

where
 The girl is phoning home. Her car is in the garage.

The girl whose car is in the garage is phoning home.

Combine
Do we
When
the twodo
Areknow
the two
we use the
sentences
sentences
anything
pronoun
using
related?
about the
« her »
another
girl?
pronoun.

her: It’s used to talk about possession.

whose
 Sunday is the day. The museum is closed at that time.

Sunday is the day when the museum is closed.

Combine
Do we
the
knowtwo
Are
Whenthe do
two
sentences
anything
sentences
we use « at
usingthe
about
related?
that time »
another
day?
pronoun.

at that time: It’s used to talk about time.

when
 The man works in the post office. You talked to him.

The man who / whom you talked to works in the post office.

Combine
Do we
When
the do
two
Areknow
the two
we use the
sentences
anything
sentences
pronoun
usingthe
about
related?
« him »
another
man?
pronoun.

him: an object pronoun that is used to talk about a

who / whom person.
whom
RELATIVE CLAUSES
 WHAT IS A CLAUSE?
• A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a
verb.
• You can put two or more sentences together using a relative
pronoun to get a relative clause.
WHY IS IT CALLED A RELATIVE CLAUSE?
• Because one clause is related to the other.
• The relative clause has a word or a phrase that is related to
the main sentence / clause.
the main clause the relative clause
Example I got tickets to see Adel, who sings like an angel.
 RELATIVE CLAUSES

Defining / Restrictive Non-defining / Non-

Clauses restrictive Clauses
Mariam Amjoun, who won the
Children who eat vegetables 2018 Arab Reading Challenge
are likely to be healthy. in Dubai, is a nine-year-old
girl.
1. Are
Doesallthe
It gives usclause
children give us
likely
important to be
important information?
healthy?
information. 1.
1. The
Doesclause
the clause
doesn’t
givegive
us us
Arecommas
2. No commas(,) (,)are
used?
used. Do we know the girl?
important
important information.
information?
2.
2. Commas
Are commas
(,) are
(,) used.
used?
 RELATIVE CLAUSES
« that » can Non-defining / Non-
Defining / Restrictive
never be
Clauses used.
restrictive Clauses

Pronouns Pronouns
a person who / whom / a person who / whom
that / Ο
a thing which / that / Ο a thing which
a place where a place where
possession whose possession whose
time when time when
 EXAMPLES
Defining / Restrictive Clauses
1. The man who / that lives next door is very friendly.
2. The man who / that / whom / Ο I wanted to see was away on holiday.
3. I don’t like the stories which / that have unhappy endings.
4. I like the dress which / that / Ο Ann is wearing.

Non-defining / Non-restrictive Clauses

1. John's mother, who lives in Scotland, has 6 grandchildren.
2. I've just come back from Agadir, where Bouchaaib lives.
3. Yesterday I met a woman named Susan, whose husband works in London.
 IS IT A RESTRICTIVE OR NON-RESTRICTIVE
RELATIVE CLAUSE?
R.C 1. The student who sits in the back of the room asks a lot
of questions.
R.C 2. The astronaut who first stepped on the moon was Neil
Armstrong.
N.C 3. Oliver Twist, which was Dickens’s second novel, is a
classic.
R.C 4. Ann’s sister who is a tennis champion visited her last
weekend.
N.C 5. Ann’s sister, who is a tennis champion, visited her last
weekend.
 RELATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1. I recently went back to the town. I was born there. (where)
………………………………………………………………………………
2. We had a fish for dinner. It was very delicious. (which)
………………………………………………………………………………
3. I met a girl last week. I didn’t like her. (whom)
………………………………………………………………………………
4. They are the couple. Their luggage disappeared. (whose)
………………………………………………………………………………
5. My grandma came from Ifran. She is dead now. (who)
………………………………………………………………………………