BORDER SECURITY ROBOT

Presented By:
Under the Guidance Adarsha G R : 3NG20EE400
of Gajendra G R : 3NG19EE003
Mrs. Paleti Asha Latha Deepa M K : 3NG20EE402
Assistant Professor P Savitri : 3NG20EE406
Table of Contents
 Introduction
 Problem Statement
 Objective of the Project
 Literature Survey
 Hardware Components
 Software Components
 Methodology
 Construction
 Working
 Results and
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
 The strength of nation security not lies in the man power of a defence system
 Ordinary border patrol system suffers from intensive human involvement.
 Our borders extend thousands of miles.
 Illegal immigration, smuggling, and trafficking in drugs can be prevented if the borders
are secured.
 As technology increases new threats and risks arise towards national security.
 Recently unmanned border patrol system consists of high-tech devices like unmanned
aerial vehicle, surveillance tower equipped with wireless camera.
 Border security robot utilize metal detector and wireless cameras.
 Mechanical control of robotic arm can be done from remote station by authorized person.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
 The normal border patrol system involves intensive human involvement.
Trespassers cross our borders unknowingly; it is not possible for our soldiers to
watch the borders at each and every moment.

 Most of the soldiers are lost their lives by performing high risky jobs.
 Every year huge amount of money is spent on defense system, India is the third
among all the nations.
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

 The main purpose of our project is to develop a robot that can perform specific
risky tasks and save the lives of a soldier in hazardous environment of a war.

 By introducing the robots in defence we can reduce the man power which leads
drastically reduce of the money spent on defense system.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
1. K. Kaneko, F. Kanehiroz, S. Kajita, H. Hirukawa, T. Kawasaki, M. Hirata, K.
Akachi, T. Isozumi, “humanoid robot HRP_2,” IEEE international conference on
robotics and automation, new orieans, LA 2004.
2. M.Karthikeyan, G. Sreeram, “intelligent exploration and surveillance robot in
defense environment,” international journal of advanced research in electrical,
electronics and instrumentation engineering, vol.3, special issue 1, february 2014.
3. W. Lao, J. Han and peter H.N de with, “automatic video-based human motion
analyzer for consumer surveillance system,” IEEE transaction on consumer
electronics, vol. 55, 2009.
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
1. Raspberry Pi.

2. Servo Motor.

3. Laser Diode Module.

4. Metal detector module.

5. DC Motor

6. PIR Sensor

7. Raspberry pi camera
 1. RASPBERRY PI
 Raspberry Pi is defined as a minicomputer the size of a credit card that is interoperable with any input and output
hardware device like a monitor, a television, a mouse, or a keyboard – effectively converting the set-up into a full-
fledged PC at a low cost.

 Speed : 1.4 GHz

 Bits : 64 bit quad core

 RAM : 1GB SRAM

 Power : 2.5 to 5V (DC) or Type B charger or Power on Ethernet (PoE)

 Heat Sink : Built in metal heat Sink

 WiFi Connectivity : Dual-band 2.4GHz and 5GHz wireless LAN

 GPIO : 28 digital IO pins

 Ports : Camera, Display, HDMI

 Audio : 2.5mm output port

 2. SERVO MOTOR
 servo motor is a type of motor that can rotate with great precision. Normally this type of
motor consists of a control circuit that provides feedback on the current position of the
motor shaft, this feedback allows the servo motors to rotate with great precision. If you
want to rotate an object at some specific angles or distance, then you use a servo motor.
 Specifications:

 Speed (sec): 0.1

 Torque (Kg-cm): 2.5

 Weight (g): 14.7

 Voltage: 4.8 – 6

 Direction: 180 Degrees (90 Degree in each direction)

 3. LASER DIODE MODULE
 This 100mw laser module emits a small intense focused beam of visible red light. The
module can be used with an Arduino and photo resistor module to perform basic remote
signalling.
Specifications:

 Input voltage: 5V DC

 Input current: 30mA

 Output power: 5mW

 Wavelength: 650mm
 4. METAL DETECTOR MODULE
 A metal detector is an instrument that detects the nearby presence of metal. Metal detectors are useful for
finding metal objects on the surface, underground, and under water.
 The unit itself, consist of a control box, and an adjustable shaft, which holds a pickup coil, which can vary
in shape and size.
 If the pickup coil comes near a piece of metal, the control box will register its presence by a changing tone,
a flashing light, and or by a needle moving on an indicator.

 Specifications:

 Operating voltage: 5V DC

 Detector distance: 1CM

5. DC MOTOR
 A DC motor or direct current motor is an electrical machine that transforms electrical energy into
mechanical energy by creating a magnetic field that is powered by direct current
 When a DC motor is powered, a magnetic field is created in its stator. The field attracts and repels
magnets on the rotor; this causes the rotor to rotate. To keep the rotor continually rotating, the
commutator that is attached to brushes connected to the power source supply current to the motors
wire windings.

 Specifications:

 Motor torque: 0.36 to 160 mNm

 Voltage: 3v

 Speed: 5000 to 14000 rpm

6. PIR SENSOR
 They are often referred to as PIR, "passive infrared", "pyroelectric", or "IR motion" sensors.
 Pir sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has
moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use
and don't wear out.
 Pirs are basically made of a pyroelectric sensor which can detect levels of infrared
radiation.

 Specifications:

 Voltage: 4.5 to 20v

 Average current consumption(mA): 0.06

 Distance measuring range(cm): 300 to 700

8. RASPBERRY PI CAMARA
 Pi Camera module is a camera which can be used to take pictures and high definition
video.
 Raspberry Pi Board has CSI (Camera Serial Interface) interface to which we can
attach Pi Camera module directly.
 This Pi Camera module can attach to the Raspberry Pi’s CSI port using 15-pin ribbon
cable.
 Specifications
 Model : Raspberry Pi Camera version 1.3

 Image Resolution : 2592 x 1944 (5 Mega Pixels)

 Video Resolution : 640x480 (3 Mega Pixels)

 Lens : Onboard Fixed Focus lens

 Video : 20 frames per second

 Interfacing : This module can be directly connected to the Raspberry Pi 3B+ model camera port with
the help of a bus.

 Motion Detection : Inbuilt. Records video clips when there any motion detected or can record 24X7
depending on the requirement

 Wake up time : less than 20ms.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
ARDUINO IDE
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application (for Windows,
macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java. It is used to write and upload programs to
Arduino board
The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring. The Arduino
IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many common input and output
procedures.

 ADAFRUIT IO
 Adafruit.io is a cloud service. Adafruit IO is a platform designed to display, respond, and interact with
project’s data. It also keeps data private and secure.
 It’s the internet of things - for everyone! Dashboards are a feature integrated into Adafruit IO which allow us
to chart, graph, gauge, log, and visualize our data. We can view our dashboards from anywhere in the world
Dashboards allow you to visualize data and control Adafruit IO connected projects from any modern web
browser.
 VNC Server

To program the Raspberry Pi, we need an USB mouse, USB keyboard,

HDMI cable, display accepting HDMI as input and a type B USB
connector. Each and every time when we want to do something on the
Raspberry Pi (may be edit the program) we cannot assemble all the above
said peripherals to Raspberry Pi. Hence, we need to install VNC server
application in the Raspberry Pi. Since we installed latest version of
Raspbian to Raspberry Pi which already includes VNC server.
IMPLEMENTATION

Figure 3.9: Adafruit IO sign in page Figure 3.10: Blocks available to add to dashboard
Figure 3.11: Blocks Settings page Figure 3.12: Feeds list
Figure 3.13: Adafruit IO key
METHODOLOGY
 INTERFACING DIAGRAM
 CONSTRUCTION
 The system uses a wireless camera for continuous surveillance day and night. The
camera is mounted on top of the robot.
 The mechanical movement of the robot is controlled by four dc motors. A motor
driver circuit is used to send signals to the motors.
 The vertical movement of laser is done using a servo motor.
 The basic principle of the system is continuous surveillance for the intruders. We are
using laptop and mobile phone.
 One for robotic movement and the other for surveillance respectively. Both these
functions are done from a remote-control station. The robot will be continuously
controlled by a soldier 24/7.
 WORKING
The flow chart shown in figure 3.17,3.18, 3.19 and 3.20 explains the working of proposed model. The system uses a wireless
camera for continuous surveillance day and night. The camera is mounted on top of the robot. The mechanical movement of
the robot is controlled by four DC motors. A motor driver circuit is used to send signals to the motors. The vertical
movement of laser is done using a servo motor.

The basic principle of the system is continuous surveillance for the intruders. We are using laptop and mobile phone. One for
robotic movement and the other for surveillance respectively. Both these functions are done from a remote-control station.

The robot will be continuously controlled by a soldier 24/7. Whenever anyone is found in the display, the personnel upon
ensuring that he is really an intruder, the laser is targeted and fired at the intruder.

The robot also comprises of a metal detector for the detection of explosives planted by the intruders. When any metal is
sensed an army personnel is sent to the spot to take care of it. The robot can also be used to assist the army personnel during
terrorist attacks in urban areas and to detect the bombs and explosives planned by them.
FLOW CHART

Fig 3.18: Flow chart for explosive Fig 3.19: Flow chart for
Fig 3.17: Flow chart for intruder
detection Robotic actions
detection
WORKING MODLE
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Border security robot is continuously survey on the border. If any humans or any
obstacles are moving its sensed by pir sensor, firstly stop the vehicle and immediately
camera will turn on and it captures the image and send it to the base station. Then
army personnel will take of that

Figure 4.2: Showing Detecting image in

Figure 4.1: Detected Image
Adafruit Website
ADVANTAGES
 Reduces the human exposure to extreme danger in battle field or other dangerous
tasks (such as rescue, evacuation and intelligence collection).

 The robots have the more capacity of withstanding damage than humans

 For military personnel cost savings either in operations or support.

 To reduces workload for skilled manpower categories.

 Robot can make quick decision in fast – paced combat situations.

 Human lives can be saved of robots are sent into frontline combat.
 LIMITATIONS
 Internet connectivity always required 24/7.
 Repeatedly recharging of the battery is only the major limitations.
APPLICATIONS
 Reconnaissance

 Surveillance

 Sniper detection

 Neutralizing explosive devices.

 Robots helps for navel uses and providing cover for combat
 FUTURE SCOPE

 Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or

illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to
see, or by disguising them as something else. Examples include the leopard's
spotted coat, the battledress of a modern soldier, and the leaf-mimic katydid’
s wings.
 If in case intruder try to harm the robot we use the high range metal detector,
it can sense easily and attack back to the intruder without any order from the
military personnel.
 CONCLUSION
The “BORDER SECURITY ROBOT” has been designed and tested successfully. It has
been developed by integrating all the features of all the hardware components used and
also software’s used. Presence of every module has been reasoned above and placed
carefully in order to contribute to the best working of the unit. The system has been tested
to function automatically, and to the best of its ability to continuously survey on the
border.
 REFERENCES

1. K. Kaneko, F. Kanehiroz, S. Kajita, H. Hirukawa, T. Kawasaki, M. Hirata, K. Akachi, T. Isozumi, “Humanoid

robot HRP_2,” IEEE International Conference on robotics and automation, New Orieans, LA 2004.
2. M.Karthikeyan, G. Sreeram, “Intelligent Exploration and Surveillance Robot In Defense Environment,”
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol.3,
Special Issue 1, February 2014.
3. W. Lao, J. Han and Peter H.N De With, “Automatic video-based human motion analyzer for consumer
surveillance system,” IEEE transaction on consumer electronics, Vol. 55, 2009.
4. Vallabhuni Vijay, P. Chandra Shekar, V. Siva Nagaraju, S. China Venkateswarlu, and Shaik Sadulla, “High
Performance 2:1, 4:1 And 8:1 Binary And Ternary Multiplexer Realization Using CNTFET Technology,”
Journal of Critical Reviews, vol. 7, iss. 6, 2020, pp. 1159–1163.
ANY QUERIES