Communication

Satellites

SUBMITTED BY :
PIOUSLIN JENILA A
What is communication satellite

 A communication satellite is an artificial satellite that transmits the

signal via a transponder by creating a channel between the
transmitter and the receiver at different earth locations.
 Telephone,radio,television,internet and military applications use
satellite communications.
Communication Satellite

 Communication satellite allow radio, television and

telephone transmissions to be sent live anywhere in the
world .
 Beforesatellites, transmissions were difficult or
impossible at long distance.
 The signals ,which travel in straight lines,could not bend
around the round earth to reach a destination far away.
 Because satellites are in orbit, the signals can be sent
instantaneously into space and then redirected to another
satellite or directly to their destination.
 More than 2000 artificial satellites are hurtling around in
space above our heads.
Need for satellite communication

We know that there are different ways to communicate and the

propagation of these waves occur in different ways.
 Ground wave propagation
 Sky wave propagation
Are the two ways communication take place for a certain distance.
The maximum distance covered by them is 1500km
How Satellite Communication Work

 The communication satellites are similar to the space mirrors that help
us bounce signals such as radio, internet data an television from one
side of the earth to another.
 Three stages involved, which explain the working of satellite
communications. These are:
1. Uplink
2. Transponders
3. Downlink
FIRST STAGE

Let’s consider an example of signals from a television. In

the first stage , the signal from the television broadcast on
the other side of the earth is first beamed up to the satellite
from the ground station on the earth. This process is known
as UPLINK.
Second stage

The second stage involves transponders such as radio

receivers , amplifiers, and transmitters. These transponders
boost e incoming signal and change its frequency so that the
outgoing signals are not altered. Depending on the incoming
signal sources, the transponders vary.
FINAL STAGE

The final stage involves a DOWNLINK in which the data is

sent to the other end of the receiver on the earth. It is the
important to understand that usually, there is one Uplink
and multiple downlinks.
Satellite Communication in India

 It’s interesting to know that Indian National Satellite (INSAT)

System is one of the largest domestic communication systems that
is placed in geo- stational orbit.
 Thee are more than 200 transponders in the INSAT system and are
used for various purposes such as telecommunications, weather
forecasting, television broadcasting, disaster warning and rescue
operations and Satellite newsgathering.
 Advantage of satellite communication

 Area of coverage is more than that of terrestrial systems

 Each and every corner of the earth can be covered
 Transmission cost is independent of coverage area
 More bandwidth and broadcasting possibilities
Disadvantages of satellite communication

 Launching of satellite into orbits is a costly process.

 Difficultto provide repairing activities if any problem
occurs in a satellite system.
 Free space loss is more.
Application of satellite communications

 Radio broadcasting and voice communications.

 TV broadcasting such as Direct To Home (DTH).
 Internet applications such as providing Interest connection for data transfer, GPS
applications, Internet surfing, etc
 Military applications and navigations.
 Remote sensing applications
 Weather condition monitoring and forecasting