BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-II (EG 2207CE)

1. TIMBER FLOORS

2. TIMBER ROOFS

3. TIMBER STAIRCASE

4. TIMBER DOOR, WINDOW AND

VENTILATION
1. TIMBER FLOORS
1.1 Upper Floor Types:
1.1.1 Single
1.1.2 Double
1.1.3 Triple

1.2 Definition, Elements and construction details of upper

floor
 2. TIMBER ROOFS
2.1 Single Roof Types:
2.1.1 Lean to Roof and double lean to roof
1.1.2 Collar and couple roof
1.1.3 Scissor and close couple roof

2.2 Definition, Elements and functions of single roof

2.3 Construction methods and joinery details

2.4 Skylight (roof light)

2.4.1 Definition, Functions, elements and construction details.
 3. TIMBER STARCASE
3.1 Definition materials and layout

3.2 Proportioning and design principles

3.3 Construction method and joinery details

3.4 Types
3.4.1 Single flight(straight)
3.4.2 L-shape (Quarter turning)
4. TIMBER DOOR, WINDOW & VENTILATOR
4.1 Definition, elements and types

4.2 Construction Method and joinery details

1. TIMBER FLOORS
1.1 Upper Floor Types:
1.1.1 Single
1.1.2 Double
1.1.3 Triple
 TIMBER UPPER FLOOR
• Upper floors are supported either on the walls or on columns.
• Timber floors are light in weight, have poor fire resistance and sound insulation.

Types

I. Single Floors / Single Joist timber floors

II. Double Floors / Double Joists timber floors

III. Framed Floors / Triple Joists timber floors

 I. Single Floors / Single Joist timber floors
• They are the cheapest form of wooden floors.
• These floors are constructed by fixing 25X30mm thick planking or
boarding to wooden joists known as “bridging joist” spaced at 30 to 40
cm apart.
• The bridging joist are placed along the short span of the room and are
nailed to timber wall plates fixed in the walls on either end. The span
for single floor is limited to 3.66m.
• The depth of joist depends upon the loading conditions of the flooring.
• The joist should carry the floor loads without deflection. There should
be gap between the end of the joist and the wall to avoid the decay of
woodwork.
• If the span is more than 2.44m the strut is provided in the mid span all
along the length of floor to avoid the buckling of bridging joist.
• The depth of joist is determined from the thumb rule.
• Depth (cm) = (4Xspan in meter) +5cm
I. Single Floors / Single Joist timber floors
 II. Double Floors / Double Joists timber floors
• This type of flooring is stronger, and is used for spans
between 3.5 to 7.5 meters.

• The bridging joist are supported on intermediate wooden

supports, called binders.

• Thus, the loads of bridging joist are 1st transferred to the

binders and through them to the end walls in the form of
highly concentrated loads.

• The centre to centre spacing of the binders varies from 1.8

to 2.4m.

• Bridging joist are spaced at 30 cm C/C.

II. Double Floors / Double Joists timber floors
 III. Framed Floors / Triple Joists timber floors
• This type of floor is suitable for spans greater than 7.5m, in
which intermediate supports, known as girders are
provided for the binders.
• In this system of wooden flooring, boarding is supported by
bridging joist laid parallel to the short span. Bridging joist
are fixed to the binders laid parallel to the long span or at
right angles to bridging joist. The binders are further
supported or fixed into large and heavy beams called
griders which are placed parallel to the short span.
• The binders are connected to grider by tusk and tenon
joints to increase the rigidity of the floor.
III. Framed Floors / Triple Joists timber floors