Optimization Of Food Plant Patterns In Paloh

Sub District, Sambas Regency

Juliana Carolina Kilmanun1 Rusli Burhansyah2 , and Riki Warman3
1,2,3
West Kalimantan Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology
Indonesia Agency for Agriculture Research and Development - IAARD

International Conference On Assessment and Development Of Agricultural Innovation

Virtual Conference, 6 - 7 July 2021
Bogor - Indonesia

.............
 1.INTRODUCTION
• Population change and rapid urbanization, causing land and water resources to be
very limited. . Plant optimization has received wide attention in recent years.
Mathematical models were developed to determine the optimal use of available
resources to maximize net benefits which experienced several constraints
• Linier programming approach to determine optimal cropping patterns in agricultural
planning.
• The problem cultivation farmer’s Paloh is that there is no cropping pattern planning
that maximizes profits. For this reason, research on cropping patterns that maximize
farmers' income is needed
Problems
the farmer level is not cropping pattern planning that maximizes profits.

The Purpose of the study

to determine the optimization of cropping patterns for food crops in Paloh District,
Sambas Regency.
 2.METHODOLOGY
2.1 Location and Time of Research
This research uses survey method. The study was conducted in 3 villages in Paloh sub-
district with the consideration rice, mung beans and vegetable planting patterns. These
villages include: Tanah Hitam Village, Matang Danau Village and Kalimantan Village.
Research time was in October to December 2019
2.2 Data Processing and Sampling Methods
The study was directed at farmers who planted rice and green beans based on
information from Field Agricultural Extension Paloh District. Furthermore, to get
farmers who became respondents conducted random sampling. The number of
respondents were 60 people.
 
2.3 Data Processing and Analysis Techniques
The collected data is then presented in tabular form. To calculate the income
of farmers from farming rice, green beans and vegetables, the writers use the
analysis of gross income, analysis of net income with the following
formulation (Mamun, 2013)
(1)
(2)

GM = Gross Margin
GFI = Gross Farm Income/
TVC = Total Variable Cost
TFC = Total Fixed Cost/ha
NFI = net farm income/ha
Functions that maximize income from various activities (types of
rice farming mung beans)mathematically as follows :
Maximize
  (3)
Cj= parameters used as optimization criteria or the j th decision-making
coefficient change in the objective function (objective function coefficient),
namely the net income of each farming activity.
Xj=Changes in decision making or activities (to be sought), namely types of
rice farming, green beans
Z= value of decision-making criteria; an objective function; or optimized value
Constraint function:The constraint function is the availability of agricultural
resources owned by farmers. Mathematically it is formulated as follows:
a11X1+a12X2+a13X3+ …………+a1jXj ≤ b1
a21X1+a22X2+a23X3+ …………+a2jXj ≤ b2
a31X1+a32X2+a33X3+ …………+a3jXj ≤ b3
.
. . . .
.
. . . .
.
. . . .
X +a12X2+ai3X3+ ……………. +aijXj ≤ bi and non-negative terms
ai1 1

Xj ≤0, for j=1,2,……, n

Hij = technology coefficient of the jth decision-making variable in the I-th constraint,
namely
use of agricultural resources per ha
bi = finite ith resource that addresses activities
Xi = variable of decision making or activity type rainy season rice farming, green bean
farming, dry season rice farming
I = number of agricultural resources that are constrained
J = number of decision-making variables (activity)
 3.RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 Geographically Paloh sub-district is located
between 1035' until 2005’ North Latitude
and 109038’ West Longtide "to 1090 38' East
Longitude.
 Paloh Subdistrict is located in the north of
Sambas Regency which borders directly
with Sarawak Country in eastern Malaysia.
This sub-district is a coastal area which has
the longest coastline in Sambas district.
Paloh Subdistrict has an area of ​
1,148.84(one thousand one hundred forty
eight) km2 (114,884 ha) or
17.96(seventeen point ninety six) percent
Picture 1. Paloh sub-district map
of the area of ​Sambas district (Central
Agency of Statistic of Sambas Regency,
2018).
 Cropping Pattern
500
450
400
350
Rain fall (mm/month)

300
250
200
150
100

September

November

December
50

February

October
January

August
March
0

April

June
May

July
ry ry ch il ay ne ly st r er er er
ua ua ar pr Ju Ju u be ob emb emb
n br M A M ug em ct
Ja Fe A pt O ov Dec
Se N
Month

Rice-Rainy
Season                        
Mungbeans                        
Figure 1. Average rainfall in 2011-2018 Rice-Dry
in Paloh District Season                        

Figure 2. Planting
Patterns in Paloh
District
Table 1. Costs and Income per Various Farming of Rice-Green-Rice Food Crops in Paloh, 2019

Rice rainy Rice-dry

season Mung bean season
Description of
activities Input Output Input Output Input Output

Material cost 3,176,263 2,301,000 7,159,500

Labour wage 9,310,000 4,860,000 7,543,000
Total Cost 12,486,263 7,161,000 14,702,500
Rice production 4,778 7,960 7,960
Price 4,500 4,000 4,000
Mung beans 802.68
production
Price 14,000
Revenue Total 21,500,000 11,237,500 31,840,0
00
Profit 9,013,737 4,076,500 17,137,5
00
R/C Ratio 1.72 1.57 2.17
 Table 2. Results of Linear Programming Analysis on Primal Solutions

Variable Farming Status Value(ha) Reduced

Activity Cost(Rp)
X1 Rice-rainy Basis 0.61 0
season
X2 Mung bean Non Basis 0 7,067,491
X3 Rice-dry season Basis 2.33 0
Final Optimal Solution
Z max=87.071.590
Table 3. Results of Linear Programming Analysis in Dual Design

Constraints
Slack/ Dual Value/
Resources Unit Symbol Status
Surplus Shadow Price

Land area ha C1 Non-Binding 3,497 0

HOK C2 Binding 0 1.161,164
Labor Rp C3 Binding 0 1,18
requirements
Cost farming
Uptake of the % C4 Non-Binding 0.8 0
mung bean
market
 Table 4. The value of the sensitivity range of the objective function
coefficients in the objective row ranges objective Coefficient Ranges

Activities Lower Limit Current Upper Limit Allowable Allowable

Values Increase Decrease
Com Symbol
Rice Rainy X1 2,978,482 21,150,000 No Limit No Limit 2,978,482
Season
Mung bean X2 No Limit 11,237,500 18,304,990 18.304,990 No Limit
Rice Dry X3 15,409,610 31,840,000 No Limit No Limit 15,409,610
Season
 Table 5. Value of Agricultural Resource Sensitivity in Right
Hand Side Ranges

Constraints
Lower Current Upper Allowabl Allowable
Symb Limit Values Limit e Increase Decrease
Resources Unit
ol
Land area ha C1 3,497,060 3.500 No Limit No Limit 2,94
Labour HOK C2 0 365 4,261.6 4,261.6 269,75
requires              
Cost farming Rp C3 0 37.942,420 No Limit No Limit 3,249,712
Up to take              
mung beans % C4 0 0,8 No Limit No Limit 0
market    
4.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.1.Conclusion
The results showed that the income from the rainy season rice cropping pattern was
IDR 21,150,000, green bean farming income was IDR 11,237,500, dry season rice
income was IDR 31,840,000
Optimal income if farmers plant rice for the rainy season is 0.61 ha and dry season
rice is 2.33 ha with an income of Rp. 87,071,590.
4.2.Recommendation
The recommended food crop cropping pattern so that the maximum total income of
farmers in the Paloh sub-district for the arable area of 0.61 ha is local rice in the
rainy season and rice in the dry season of 2.33 ha.To overcome crop failure in the
dry season due to lack of water, it is recommended to use a water pump.
4.2.RECOMMENDATION
 Thanks you
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