TE R 2 – M O D U L E 6 :

Q U A R
N SW E R S T HR O U G H
FIND I N G A
DATA C O LL EC T I O N
MOLDEZ
PRESENTED BY: CHEENE R.
LESSON OBJECTIVES

AT THE END OF THIS MODULE, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:

a. identify the steps in conducting observation and interview;
b. describes the importance of observing proper steps and protocols in
observing and interviewing; and
c. present scenario on proper conduct of observation and interview.
 PRE-TEST
1. At the start of the interview, the following are things to
consider except:
a. open or unstructured questions asked in this step of the interview
b. encourage respondent to talk about himself/herself including age, family, etc.
c. respondents give you hint on the right ways to ask your subjects the questions
that elicit the right data for your research
d. questions on the subject’s thoughts, attitudes, or performance of his or her job
or any current work assignment.
 PRE-TEST
2. It refers to a method used for recording
observation notes.
a. research site
b. determining your role
c .observational protocol
d. field notes
 PRE-TEST
3. The following are parts of an interview
protocol except:
a. content questions
b. introduction.
c. opening question
d. slowly withdrawn
 PRE-TEST
4. Which of the following IS NOT true about observation?
a. observation is expensive
b. observation replaces interviewing
c. observation is time-consuming
d. observation requires operational definitions
 PRE-TEST
5. Which of the following is false in the process of observing?
a. after observation, slowly withdraw by thanking the participants for
their time.
b. gaining access through letter of consent is not necessary. You may
start the observation right away.
c. after recording observation, it should be arranged chronologically or in
order.
d. before writing any notes, think of what catches your attention
 WAYS FOR DATA COLLECTION

INTERVIEW SURVEY OBSERVATION

OBSERVATION – personally watch, interact or
communicate with the subjects and uses all senses
to examine people in natural settings

INTERVIEW – conducting intensive interviews to

explore their perspectives on a particular idea

SURVEY – uses already designed and validated

survey instrument to ensure that the data collected
is accurate
THE O B S E RVAT I O N
METHOD
Observation involves
the use of our sensory
systems to record
behavior.
These measures are
the basic data used to
describe naturally
occurring behavior or to
assess the effects of
our independent
research variable.
OBSERVATIONS ARE INHERENTLY MORE
SUBJECTIVE THAN OTHER DATA
COLLECTION PROCEDURES.
ST EP S I N T H E
PR O C E S S O F
O B S E R V I N G
 STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF OBSERVING
1.Select the research site.
2.Develop observational protocol.
3.Focus the observation.
4.Determine your role.
5.Record field notes.
6.Slowly withdraw.
1. Select the research site.
2. Develop observational protocol.
3. Focus the observation.
4. Determine your role.
5. Record field notes.
6. Slowly withdraw.
 ANALYZE THIS!
1. The researcher has lived with one tribal group in
Mt. province for one summertime. In her stay there,
she observed the paganism of people in the place.
She spent two hours a day teaching the tribal people
Christian practices to overcome their paganism.
 ANALYZE THIS!
2. The researcher did a participant observation.
To see and hear the subjects better, he would
mingle and exchange views with them. From the
start to the end of the observation, he
succeeded in keeping his identity secret.
ANALYZE THIS!
3. The researcher writing his observation
report used several pages for the descriptive
part of his report. He limited his reporting
only to describing every person, event, thing,
and place involved in the observation.
 THREE DIFFERENT FORMATS OF INTERVIEWS:

1. STRUCTURED INTERVIEW- consist of a series

of pre-determined questions that all interviewees
answer in the same order. Data analysis usually
tends to be more straightforward because researcher
can compare and contrast different answers given to
the same questions.
 THREE DIFFERENT FORMATS OF INTERVIEWS:
2. UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW- are usually the least reliable
from research viewpoint, because no questions are prepared
prior to the interview and data collection is conducted in an
informal manner. unstructured interviews can be associated with a
high level of bias and comparison of answers given by different
respondents tends to be difficult due to the differences in
formulation of questions.
THREE DIFFERENT FORMATS OF INTERVIEWS:

3. SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW- contain the components

of both, structured and unstructured interviews. In semi-
structured interviews, interviewer prepares a set of same
questions to be answered by all interviewees. At the same time,
additional questions might be asked during interviews to
clarify and/or further expand certain issues.
 STEPS IN
CO N D U CT I N G
AN I N T ER V I E W
 ARRANGE THESE STEPS IN CONDUCTING AN
INTERVIEW
1. Putting an End to the Interview
2. Pondering Over Interview Afterthoughts
3. Getting to know each other
4. Conducting the Interview Proper
5. Having an Idea of the Research
6. Starting the Interview
 STEPS IN CONDUCTING AN INTERVIEW
1.Getting to know each other.
2.Having an Idea of the Research
3.Starting the Interview
4.Conducting the Interview Proper
5.Putting an End to the Interview
6.Pondering Over Interview Afterthoughts
1. Getting to know each other.
2. Having an Idea of the Research
3. Starting the Interview
4. Conducting the Interview Proper
5. Putting an End to the Interview
6. Pondering Over Interview Afterthoughts
 1.Basic Information
PARTS OF AN about the interview.
INTERVIEW 2.Introduction
PROTOCOL 3.Opening Question
4.Content Questions
5.Closing instructions
 GROUP ACTIVITY
DIRECTIONS:
SIMULATE THROUGH A ROLE PLAYING THE
PROPER WAY OF CONDUCTING AN OBSERVATION
AND INTERVIEW.