A

Training Presentation

On

132KV GSS (GIS) JODHPUR

Submitted in partial fulfillment

for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

Department of Electrical Engineering

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr.
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 GAS INSULATED
SUBSTATION

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 CONTENTS:

Substation
Conventional substations (AIS)
Limitations of AIS
The need for GIS
Introduction to GIS
Properties of SF6
GIS assembly
Advantages of GIS
Design features
Drawbacks
SF6 – Environmental concerns
SF6 /N2 mixtures
Future trends in GIS
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 SUBSTATION:

•  An assembly of apparatus installed to control

transmission and distribution of electric power.

A: PRIMA RY PO WER LIN ES' SIDE B:SECONDARY POWER LINES' SIDE

1.PRIMARY POWER LINES 2.GROUND WIRE 3.OVERHEAD LINES 4.TRANSFORMER
F O R M E A S U R E M E N T O F E L E C T R I C V O LTA G E 5 . D I S C O N N E C T S W I T C H 6 . C I R C U I T
BREAKER 7.CURRENT TRANSFORMER 8.LIGHTNING ARRESTER 9.MAIN
T R A N S F O R M E R 1 0 . C O N T R O L B U I L D I N G 11 . S E C U R I T Y F E N C E 1 2 . S E C O N D A RY P O W E R
LINES

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 AIR INSULATED SUBSTATION(AIS):
Air used as a dielectric.
Normally used for outdoor substations.
In very few cases used for indoor substations.
Easy to expand (in case that space is not an issue)
Excellent overview, simple handling and easy access.

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 LIMITATIONS OF AIS:
Large dimensions due to statutory clearances and poor
dielectric strength of air.
Insulation deterioration with ambient conditions and
susceptibility to pollutants.
Wastage of space.
Life of steel structures degrades.
Seismic instability.
Large planning & execution time.
Regular maintenance of the substation required.

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 INTRODUCTION TO GAS INSULATED
SUBSTATION
What is GIS?
 A gas insulated substation is an electrical substation in which the major
structures are contained in a sealed environment with sulfur hexafluoride gas
(SF6) as the insulating medium.
Where and why Gas Insulated Substations are
used ?
 Gas Insulated Substations are used where there is space for providing the
substation is expensive in large cities and towns. In normal substation the
clearances between the phase to phase and phase to ground is very large. Due
to this, large space is required for the normal or Air Insulated Substation (AIS).
 But the dielectric strength of SF6 gas is higher compared to the air, the
clearances required for phase to phase and phase to ground for all equipments
are quite lower. Hence, the overall size of each equipment and the complete
substation is reduced to about 10% of the conventional air insulated substation

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 THE NEED FOR G.I.S:
Non availability of sufficient space.
Difficult climatic and seismic conditions at site.
Urban site (high rise building).
High altitudes.
Limitations of AIS.

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 PROPERTIES OF SF6:
• N O N - T O X I C , V E R Y S TA B L E
C H E M I C A L LY.
• MAN-MADE.
• L I F E T I M E – V E RY L O N G ( 8 0 0 T O
3200 YEARS!).
• I N S U L AT I N G P R O P E R T I E S 3 - T I M E S
T H AT O F A I R .
• C O L O R L E S S & H E AV I E R T H A N A I R .
• A L M O S T WAT E R I N S O L U B L E .
• NON INFLAMMABLE.

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 Kalisindh Thermal Power

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 GIS ASSEMBLY:

ESSENTIAL PARTS OF GIS:

1. Bus bar
2. Circuit Breaker
3. Disconnector (line or bus)
4. Earthing switch (line or bus)
5. Current transformer (feeder / bus)
6. Voltage transformer (feeder/ bus)
7. Feeder Disconnector
8. Feeder Earthing switch
9. Lightning / Surge Arrester
10. Cable termination
11. Control Panel.
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 BUS BAR
 When a number of lines operating at the same voltage have to directly
connect electrically bus bar are used as the common electrical component.
 There are following bus at the 132 gss:-
• 132 kv main bus bar
• 132 kv auxiliary bus bar

ISOLATOR

 Isolator is used to break the circuit under off-load

where as on-load circuit breaking is done by circuit
breaker
 Isolators are classified as:-
• Off load isolator
• On load isolator

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 ER
A K
R E
T B
UI
R C
CI

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 CIRCUIT BREAKER
An automatic switch that stops the flow of
electric current in a suddenly overloaded or
otherwise abnormally stressed electric circuit.
Types of circuit breaker:-
• Vaccum circuit breaker
• SF6 Circuit breaker
• Air blast circuit breaker
• Oil circuit breaker

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 ER
R M
S FO
A N
TR
NT
R RE
CU

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 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
Current transformer is used for measurement of
alternating electric current.
The objective of C.T. is :-
Reduce the scale of the metering scale.
Insulated the measuring instrument from
voltage.
• Used for protective system

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 ER
RM
F O
N S
RA
L T
TI A
TEN
PO

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 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
Potential transformer is used for step down the line
voltage.
PT is connected in prallel with line.
Secondary voltage of the PT is generally 110v.

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 LIGHTENING ARRESTER

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 LIGTHNING ARRESTOR

 Lightening arrester is used to protect the power station sub

station and transmission line against the voltage wave
reaching there.
 It is also known as surge diverter which is connected between
line and earth to divert the incoming high voltage to earth.
 It is the first equipment in a substation.
 Generally arresters are connected in parallel with the
equipment to be protected, typically between phase and earth
for three phase installations.

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 GIS ASSEMBLY:

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 Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
(SCADA)
 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) offers the ease of
monitoring of sensors placed at distances, from one central location.
 SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in
industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control, energy, oil
and gas refining and transportation.
 A SCADA system gathers information, such as where a leak on a pipeline
has occurred, transfers the information back to a central site, alerting the
home station that the leak has occurred, carrying out necessary analysis and
control, such as determining if the leak is critical, and displaying the
information in a logical and organized fashion.
 SCADA systems can be relatively simple, such as one that monitors
environmental conditions of a small office building, or incredibly complex,
such as a system that monitors all the activity in a nuclear power plant or the
activity of a municipal water system.
 SCADA systems were first used in the 1960s.

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 ADVANTAGES :
Occupies very less space (1/10th) compared to ordinary
substations.
Hence, most preferred where area for substation is small
(eg: Cities)
Most reliable compared to Air Insulated Substations.
Number of outages due to the fault is less
Maintenance Free.
Can be assembled at workshop and modules can be
commissioned in the plant easily.
Pollution free
Explosion proof & fire proof installation
Increased safety
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 GIS FAILURE STATISTICS:

12.30%
12.40%

INSULATION FAILURE
57.30%

MECHANICAL TROUBLE

18.10%
GAS LEAK

OTHERS

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 MAIN DRAWBACKS:
• H I G H C O S T C O M PA R E D T O C O N V E N T I O N A L
S U B S T AT I O N ( A I S ) .
• EXCESSIVE DAMAGE IN CASE OF
I N T E R N A L FA U LT.
• DIAGNOSIS OF INTERNAL FA U LT A N D
R E C T I F Y I N G TA K E S V E RY LONG TIME
( H I G H O U TA G E T I M E ) .
• SF6 GAS PRESSURE MUST BE MONITORED
I N E A C H C O M PA RT M E N T.
• REDUCTION IN THE PRESSURE OF THE SF6
G A S I N A N Y M O D U L E   R E S U LT S   I N   F L A S H
O V E R   A N D FA U LT S .
• SF6 CAUSES OZONE DEPLETION AND
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 SF6/N2 MIXTURES FOR GIS?

• S F 6 G A S – S P E C I F I C A L LY M E N T I O N E D I N
KYOTO PROTOCOL.
• SMALL QUANTITIES OF SF6 IN N2 CAN
IMPROVE DIELECTRIC STRENGTH
D R A S T I C A L LY.
• ALL OF THE DIELECTRIC STRENGTH OF
S F 6 , N E A R LY, C A N B E A C H I E V E D B Y
ADDING LESS THAN 20% SF6 INTO N2.
• SF6/N2 MIXTURES LESS SUSCEPTIBLE
TO EFFECTS OF FIELD NON UNIFORMITY
THAN PURE SF6.
• T H U S M I T I G AT I N G T H E E F F E C T S O F
PA R T I C L E S A N D S U R F A C E P R O T R U S I O N S .
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 FUTURE TRENDS:
• C O M PA C T D E S I G N O F S W I T C H G E A R
BY USING THREE PHASE MODULES.
• U S E O F VA C U U M C I R C U I T B R E A K E R
CELLS IN THE MEDIUM HIGH
V O LTA G E G I S .
• O P T I M I Z AT I O N O F G I S D E S I G N T O
ALLOW EASIER MAINTENANCE.
• DEVELOPMENT OF DC GIS FOR
I N C O R P O R AT I N G I N T O E X PA N D I N G
N AT I O N A L / I N T E R N AT I O N A L H V D C
SYSTEMS.
• SEARCH FOR REPLACEMENT GASES
FOR SF6.
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• THE MOST PROMISING - AN 29
 CONCLUSION:

• G I S – N E C E S S A R Y F O R E X T R A H V & U LT R A
HV
• S O M E I M P O RTA N T A R E A S T O B E S T U D I E D
INCLUDE:
• M O R E C O N S E R VAT I V E D E S I G N .
• IMPROVED GAS HANDLING.
• DECOMPOSITION PRODUCT MANAGEMENT
TECHNIQUES.
• A C H I E V I N G & M A I N TA I N I N G H I G H L E V E L S
O F AVA I L A B I L I T Y R E Q U I R E – M O R E
I N T E G R AT E D A P P R O A C H T O Q U A L I T Y
CONTROL BY BOTH USERS AND
M A N U FA C T U R E S .
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 THANKS FOR YOUR
PATIENCE!

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