Presented By: Group 4

Stefanie B. Bumilao
Harriet Mehan Z. Bahni
Sean Micah Angeles
 What is the digestive system?
• The organs that take in food and
liquids and break them down into
substances that the body can use
for energy, growth, and tissue
repair.
 Functions
• Ingestion
– Occurs when materials enter digestive tract via the mouth
• Mechanical Processing
– Crushing and shearing
– Makes materials easier to propel along digestive tract
• Digestion
– The chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments for
absorption by digestive epithelium
• Secretion
– Is the release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers, and
salts
 Functions
– By epithelium of digestive tract
– By glandular organs
• Absorption
– Movement of organic substrates, electrolytes,
vitamins, and water
–Across digestive epithelium tissue
–Into the interstitial fluid of digestive tract
• Excretion
– Removal of waste products from body fluids
– Process called defecation removes feces
 Compose of 2 main groups of Organs
1. Alimentary canal
- a long continuous tube that extends
from the mouth to the anus
-Measuring about 30 feet long in the
average adult
-Composed of Mouth, Pharynx,
Esophagus, Stomach, Smallintestine,Large
intestine and Anus
2. Accessory digestive organs
- the teeth, tongue, and glandular organs
such as salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas.
Parts and Function of Alimentary Canal
Mouth Parts
Anterior View Lateral View
 Mouth Function

• The start of digestive System

• The mouth helps break down food in which helps the
food to be digest in the body
• The mouth produced the saliva which breaks down the
chemicals in the food a bit, which helps make the food
mushy and easy to swallow
• Speaking
 Pharynx Parts
· Nasopharynx –
not part of the digestive
system
· Oropharynx – posterior to
oral cavity
· Laryngopharynx – below
the oropharynx and
connected to
the esophagus
 Pharynx Function
· Serves as a passageway for air and food
· Food is propelled to the esophagus by two muscle
layers
· Longitudinal inner layer
· Circular outer layer
· Food movement is by alternating contractions of the
muscle layers (peristalsis)
 Esophagus Parts and Function
· Runs from pharynx to
stomach through the
diaphragm
· Conducts food by
peristalsis
(slow rhythmic squeezing)
· Passageway for food only
(respiratory system
branches off after the
pharynx)
 Stomach Parts
· Located on the left side of the
abdominal cavity
· Food enters at the
cardioesophageal sphincter
· Regions of the stomach
· Cardiac region – near the
heart
· Fundus
· Body
· Phylorus – funnel-shaped
terminal end
 Stomach Functions

· Acts as a storage tank for food

· Site of food breakdown

· Chemical breakdown of protein begins

· Delivers chyme (processed food) to the small intestine

 Small Intestine
· The body’s major digestive
organ
· Site of nutrient absorption
into the blood
· Muscular tube extending
form the pyloric sphincter
to the ileocecal valve
· Suspended from the
posterior abdominal wall
by the mesentery
 Subdivisions of the Small Intestine
“Dogs Just Itch!
· Duodenum
· Attached to the stomach
· Curves around the head of the
pancreas
· Jejunum
· Attaches anteriorly to the
duodenum
· Ileum
· Extends from jejunum to large
intestine
Structures Involved in Absorption of Nutrients

· Absorptive cells
· Blood capillaries
· Lacteals (specialized
lymphatic capillaries)