DISASTER

READINESS AND
RISK REDUCTION
Sir. Reign Lachica
 PHILIPPINE SCENARIO
Cited as among the top countries at risk to disaster.
While disasters can arise from man-made sources,
the most inevitable come from natural phenomena.
Filipino is familiar with the impacts of typhoons,
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and fires to
everyday life and to national development.
This makes learning about disaster preparedness
aligned with everyone’s interests.
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
(DRRR) is multi-disciplinary in nature,
bringing together biological, geopolitical,
socio-cultural, political, and economic factors.
 Basic Concept of Hazard
What is HAZARD?
-adangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services,
social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

What is DISASTER?
-a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society involving widespread human, material, economic, or
environmental losses and impacts with exceeds the ability of
the affected community to cope using its own resources.
Natural Hazard
-naturally-occurring physical phenomena caused either by
biological, geological and hydrological events.
a. Biological Hazard
-process of organic origin expose to pathogenic micro-organisms, toxins and
bioactive substances
e.g. disease epidemics and insect/animal plagues
b. Geological Hazard
-natural process originates from the solid earth-geosphere.
e.g. earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions
c. Hydro-meteorological Hazard
-natural process involved with the atmosphere and hydrosphere.
e.g. Avalanches, floods, drought, wildfire, cyclones, storms, wave surges
Natural Hazard
-naturally-occurring physical phenomena caused either by
biological, geological and hydrological events.

a. Biological Hazard
-process of organic origin expose to pathogenic micro-
organisms, toxins and bioactive substances
e.g. disease epidemics and insect/animal plagues
b. Geological Hazard
-natural process originates from the solid earth-geosphere.
e.g. earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions

c. Hydro-meteorological Hazard
-natural
process involved with the atmosphere and
hydrosphere.
e.g. Avalanches, floods, drought, wildfire, cyclones,
storms, wave surges
What are examples of natural processes that
shape and change our environment?
 Plate Tectonics - mountain building, volcanism,
ocean formation
 Atmospheric Processes - cloud formation,
precipitation, wind
 Biological Accumulation -reef building, colony
formation, forestation
 Human Activities -urbanization, extracting
resources, geoengineering
Man-Made and Technological Hazards
- Originates from technological or industrial conditions,
including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure
failures, or specific human activities.
 -e.g. conflicts/war
 -famine
 -displaced populations’
 -industrial accidents
 -transport accidents
 -environmental degradation
 -pollutions
 ACTIVITY
Classify the given phenomena in a table either as
Natural or Man-Made Hazard. Describe the basis of
your classification.
Group the class into 3.
Come up with answers written on a sheet of paper
with a leader from each group.
a. Ground shaking k. storm surge
b. Tornado l. tsunami
c. Landslide m. extreme rainfall
d. Flood
e. Indoor fire
f. Lava flow
g. Industrial pollution
h. Typhoon
i. Forest fire
j. liquefaction
 IMPACTS OF HAZARDS
Divide the class for a ROLE PLAY.
Imagine the impacts of certain phenomena assigned to your
group.
Role play guidelines
1. There should be one reporter, who will explain what the
group is representing.
2. The rest will take one on roles, whether of living or non-
living things caught in the given situation.
3. 5 to 20 minutes to make a depiction.
4. Grade will be based on the accuracy of the depiction of
possible impacts, not on the acting.
 scenario
1. Family in concrete house near the
highway far from river and mountain.
2. Mountain climbers going up the slope
3. Friends in an isolated beach
4. Fishermen on the open sea
 Post Activity Guide Questions
a. Are the impacts of each hazard the same?
b. What kinds of hazards affected everyone?
What kind of hazards did not?
c. What would you do if you were caught in one
of these hazards?
d. Summarize how the impact of certain hazards
can differ based on what is exposed to the
hazard and where.
 Homework
Think of one specific hazards
that would fall under Geological,
Hydro-meteorological, or Man-
made/technological hazards.
 Disaster Risk Factors
1. Physical Factors-tangible objects or infrastructure
-availability of fire exits, sturdiness of the building
2. Psychological Factors-state of mental capacity and health,
perception of self
-deal with babies, kids, adults, self-assessment to respond to
disaster, fear
3. Socio-cultural Factors- religion, social status, traditions,
perception by society
4. Economic Factors- assets and liabilities, income, economic class
5. Political-government structure, diplomatic issues
6. Biological-flora and fauna in environment, health, diseases
Disaster Risk= Exposure to natural or man-made hazards X
vulnerability.

Exposure ( to hazard ) x Vulnerability

______________________________
Capacity to cope

“ Disasters are described as a result of the combination of:

1. Exposure to hazard
2. Conditions of vulnerability that are present
3. Insufficient capacity to reduce with the potential negative
consequences.
 TASK
 Write an ESSAY about how the risk factors concern you
personally.
 Try to identify either as
a. Physical
b. Psychological
c. Socio-cultural
d. Economic
e. Political
f. biological
 Identifying Classroom Hazards that
can Lead to Disasters
1. List 10 hazards in the classroom ( Activity Notebook)
2. Groupings to discuss your hazards list.
3. Create a group Classroom Hazard Map based on your
answers. Hazards should be colored red, and the safe
areas , blue.
4. One will report the group output to the class.
5. Other groups may ask questions and make
constructive reviews of their classmates works.
 Guide Questions
 What will you do should an earthquake happen?
 What can be done to prevent a disaster in the
classroom?
 Will a hazard always cause a disaster?
-Sample situation: There is a volcano in the middle
of an uninhabited desert? What is the hazard? Will
there be a human disaster if the volcano erupts?