Rocks

JANINE PAULINE SALE SIERDA

SHS TEACHER
Goal for Today!
 Classify
rocks into igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic. S11/12ES-Ib-10
 Specifically, be able to:
1. describe the characteristics of
the three types of rocks.
ROCKS
WHAT IS A ROCK?
 rock is a formation of the
naturally occurring and
successive collection of
one or more mineral
grains (2021)
HOW DO
WE
CLASSIFY
ROCKS?
 KEY
CHARACTERISTICS
 IGNEOUS ROCKS

INTERGROWN CRYSTALS
VESICULAR TEXTURE
GLASSY TEXTURE
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
COMPACTED/CEMENTED SEDIMENTS

LAYERED SEDIMENTS

WITH FOSSILS OR EVIDENCE OF LIFE

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

BANDED CRYSTALS
LET'S PRACTICE
 IGNEOUS
 Intergrown
crystals
 Vesicular texture
 Glassy Texture
SEDIMENTARY
 Compacted
sediments
 Layered sediments
 With fossils
METAMORPHIC
 Banded Crystals IGNEOUS ROCK
 IGNEOUS
 Intergrown
crystals
 Vesicular texture
 Glassy Texture
SEDIMENTARY
 Compacted
sediments
 Layered sediments
 With fossils
METAMORPHIC
 Banded Crystals SEDIMENTARY
 IGNEOUS
 Intergrown
crystals
 Vesicular texture
 Glassy Texture
SEDIMENTARY
 Compacted
sediments
 Layered sediments
 With fossils
METAMORPHIC
 Banded Crystals IGNEOUS ROCK
 IGNEOUS
 Intergrown
crystals
 Vesicular texture
 Glassy Texture
SEDIMENTARY
 Compacted
sediments
 Layered sediments
 With fossils
METAMORPHIC
 Banded Crystals METAMORPHIC ROCK
 IGNEOUS
 Intergrown
crystals
 Vesicular texture
 Glassy Texture
SEDIMENTARY
 Compacted
sediments
 Layered sediments
 With fossils
METAMORPHIC
 Banded Crystals IGNEOUS ROCK
 IGNEOUS
 Intergrown
crystals
 Vesicular texture
 Glassy Texture
SEDIMENTARY
 Compacted
sediments
 Layered sediments
 With fossils
METAMORPHIC
 Banded Crystals SEDIMENTARY
 IGNEOUS
 Intergrown
crystals
 Vesicular texture
 Glassy Texture
SEDIMENTARY
 Compacted
sediments
 Layered sediments
 With fossils
METAMORPHIC
 Banded Crystals SEDIMENTARY
 IGNEOUS
 Intergrown
crystals
 Vesicular texture
 Glassy Texture
SEDIMENTARY
 Compacted
sediments
 Layered sediments
 With fossils
METAMORPHIC
 Banded Crystals METAMORPHIC ROCK
 IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC
ROCKS ROCKS ROCKS
 Intergrown  Compacted  Banded Crystals
crystals sediments
 Vesicular  Layered
texture sediments
 With fossils
 Glassy Texture
HOW ROCKS WERE
FORMED?
Instructions:
 Geologists classify rocks into three broad categories, based on how the rocks
form: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. In this exercise, you are
provided a hierarchical concept map for each of these rock types based on
information.
 However, some of the "concepts" are missing. Accompanying each map is a
list of the missing concepts. Working with other members of your assigned
group, your task is to fill in the missing concepts from the list provided so
that the concept map makes the most sense to all members of your group.
 YOU WILL ONLY BE GIVEN 5 MINUTES TO FINISH THE TASK.
GROUP WILL RECEIVE…

Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3

50 40 30
Criteria:
ACCURACY: 25 POINTS

PRESENTATION: 15 POINTS

COOPERATION: 10 PONTS

TOTAL 50 PTS
How did you find the
activity?
 Think deeper…

Let’s ELABORATE!
Questions:
1. What type of rock do you
think will be formed
through this geologic
activity?

2. How was the rock formed

in this geologic activity?

3. How will you describe the

types of rock formed?
Questions:
1. What type of rock is
formed in this event?

2. What are the required

factors to form a rock in this
event?

3. What are the possible

types of rock that will be
formed in this event?
Questions:
1. What type of rock will
be formed in this
scenario?

2. What are the important

factors needed to form a
rock in this scenario?

3. What are the

characteristics of rock
formed in this scenario?
 Rock
A rock is a naturally
occurring aggregate of
minerals and/or other rock
fragments
TYPES OF ROCKS
 Igneous rocks
- or magmatic rocks
- formed from molten rock material
 Intrusive Igneous Rock
- Formed when magma cools deep
within the Earth’s surface
- Cools very slowly as it is in contact
with molten rock
- Produces coarse-grained igneous
rock. (Phaneritic)
- Granite, diorite, gabbro, pegmatite,
and peridotite are example of this
type of rock.
 Extrusive Igneous Rock
- Lava that cools above the
Earth’s surface
- Produces fine-grained
igneous rocks
- This rapid cooling does not
allow time for crystals to
form
 Intrusive Vs. Extrusive
Igneous Rock
INTRUSIVE POINT OF COMPARISON EXTRUSIVE

Magma FORMED FROM

Lava
Inside the Earth WHERE
Surface of Earth
Slowly RATE OF COOLING
Rapid/Fast
Large CRYSTAL SIZE
Small
Coarse TEXTURE
Fine
LET US TRY THIS!
GRANITE  INTRUSIVE
GABBRO  INTRUSIVE
PUMICE  EXTRUSIVE
DIORITE  INTRUSIVE
MAFIC VS. FELSIC
IGNEOUS ROCKS
 sedimentary rocks
- formed from materials from
previously existing rocks
 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY • It is formed from the mechanical
ROCKS weathering debris of rocks.

CRYSTALLINE • It is formed when dissolved materials

/CHEMICAL precipitate from solution.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY • Formed from the build-up of plant or

ROCKS animal debris.
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

It is formed from the mechanical weathering debris

of rocks.
CONGLOMERATE
BRECCIA
SANDSTONE
SHALE
CRYSTALLINE /CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS

It is formed when dissolved materials precipitate

from solution.
 HALITE

SEAWATER
 GYPSUM

CALCIUM AND
SULFATES
 DOLOSTONE

CALCIUM AND
MAGNESIUM
CARBONATE
ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Formed from the build-up of plant or animal debris

 COQUINA

COMPACTED
SHELLS
 COAL

COMPACTED
PLANT REMAINS
X
 metamorphic rocks
Rocks changed by heat, pressure, or hot
solutions due to:
- Movement of the Earth’s crust
- Heat generated by intrusion of hot
magma
- Pressure can change rock by
flattening, deforming, or realigning
mineral grains.
METAMORPHISM
THIS IS PRIMARILY CAUSED BY HEAT
TYPES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Foliated metamorphic Non-foliated
rocks. metamorphic rocks.
Formed through pressure It has no foliation or
due to compression of
bands. Examples of this
rocks that create bands
called foliation. Examples
type are hornfels,
are gneiss, phyllite, schist, marble, quartzite, and
and slate. novaculite.
 ROCK
CYCLE
- Describes the continually
changing structure of
rocks.
REFERENCES:
 Rocks. 2017 Jan 18. Science. [accessed 2022 Oct 16].
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/rocks.
 Types of Rocks - Javatpoint. 2021. wwwjavatpointcom. [accessed 2022
Oct 16]. https://www.javatpoint.com/types-of-rocks.
 ‌ ammartano M. 2021. What Type of Rock is this? YouTube. [accessed
S
2022 Oct 16]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=db5BFl0TH6k.
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