ST.

JOSEPH SCHOOL OF
S.Y. 2022-2023
CANDABA, INC.
WELCOME
TO GENERAL
MATHEMATICS
CLASS
REVIEW:

What is relations?
A relation is a set of
ordered pairs.
REVIEW:
What is function?
A function is a relation that
assigns each element of a set X
to exactly one element of
another set Y.
 REVIEW:
We can use two very simple tests to
tell whether a relation is a function.
1. Given coordinates (or table)
2. Graphs (using vertical line test)
REVIEW:
Integers

… , -3 , -2 , -1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , …

Negative Positive
integers integers
Zero
REVIEW:
What is integer?

o An integer is a whole number that

has a positive sign (+) or a
negative sign (-) , including zero.
REVIEW:
Addition of Integers
Addition of Integers is a
process of finding the sum of
two or more integers.
REVIEW:
A Like Signs
In adding integers with like signs:
• get the absolute value of the addends;
• add; and
• affix the sign to the sum.
REVIEW:
B Unlike Signs
In adding integers with unlike signs:
• get the absolute value of the addends;
• subtract the smaller value from the larger value;
and
• affix the sign of the larger value in the
difference.
REVIEW:
Subtraction of Integers
Subtraction of integers is a
process of finding the difference
between two integers.
REVIEW:
In subtracting integers:
• Copy the minuend.
• Proceed to addition.
• Get the opposite of the subtrahend.
REVIEW:
Multiplication of Integers
Rules for multiplication of two integers:
1. Determine the sign of the product.
(+) × (+) = (+)
(-) × (-) = (+)
(+) × (-) = (-)
(-) × (+) = (-)
2. Multiply the whole numbers.
REVIEW:
If the number of negative factors is even, the
product is positive.

If the number of negative factors is odd, the

product is negative.
REVIEW:
Division of Integers
Rules for division of two integers:
1. Determine the sign of the quotient.
(+) ÷ (+) = (+)
(-) ÷ (-) = (+)
(+) ÷ (-) = (-)
(-) ÷ (+) = (-)
2. Divide the whole numbers.
 LESSON 2
EVALUATING
FUNCTIONS
2.1 Evaluating Given an Argument
The value that we plug in in a function is
called an argument of the function.

For example, if we are given and we are

asked to plug in this value in , we then
substitute the value for all in the function.
This means that the function value at
is .
 This process of plugging in an
argument and simplifying the
resulting equation is the process
of evaluating functions.
Example 1:
Evaluate for the following arguments:
a. 2
b. -4
c. -1
d. 0
Solution:

If
Solution:

If
Solution:

If
Solution:

If
Example 2:
Evaluate for the following arguments:
a. 1
b. -2
c. 0
d. -3
Solution:

If
Solution:

If
Solution:

If
Solution:

If
 We see in the case of the functions and ,
any real number -value would yield another
real number as the function value. After all,
the graphs of the functions contain points
with an -coordinate and -coordinate which,
when simultaneously plugged in for and in
the function, will make the equation true.
 It is therefore important to understand
which values are satisfactory arguments
for the function. By satisfactory, we mean
values that, when used to evaluate a
function, will yield to a mathematically
sound or defined result.
2.2 Domain of a Function
In the previous examples, any real
number argument would result to a
real number function value. However,
this is not necessarily the case for all
functions.
 Even though we take arguments from
the universal set of real numbers, some
of the elements in this set may not be
appropriate arguments for particular
functions. Because of this, the set from
which we select the arguments may not
necessarily be at all times.
 The set containing all possible
values that may be used as
arguments of a function is called
the domain of the function.
 Knowing the domain of a function is vital
because this gives us a picture of what
not to include as possible arguments in
the function. Notice how we elected to
emphasize what not to include in the
domain because ℝ is an infinite set, and
it is obviously much easier to identify the
exceptions rather than those that are
permissible.
Example 1:
What is the domain of the function ?

In this case of , what values of will make the

function undefined? The answer is NONE. Any
real number will always yield a real number
function value in the given function.
Hence, the domain of the function is ℝ.
Example 2:
What is the domain of the function ?

The right-hand side of the equation

contains a fraction. As such, the denominator
of any fraction must not be zero; otherwise
the function will be undefined.
 In the case of , the denominator is 5; it will
never be zero whatever the value of is. Hence,
for any value from ℝ that is used as an
argument of the function, the will always be
defined.

Hence, the domain of the function is ℝ.

Example 3:
What is the domain of the function ?

An easy way of doing this is to actually

equate the expression in the denominator
to zero.
 Hence, if we solve an equation involving an
algebraic expression being equated to zero, the
solution of the equation makes the statement
true; it makes the expression, when evaluated,
equal to zero. That value is the exception from
ℝ when we establish the domain of the
function.

Equating the denominator to zero;

Notice that if we evaluated for , the denominator
becomes zero:

Hence, the domain of the function is ℝ except -2.

Closing Prayer