Last Home coming

Three reasons for going back to the

Philippines:
1.he wanted to talk to Governor General Despujol about his Borneo
Colonization Project.

2. he would establish La Liga Filipina to unite the Filipino people in the

truest sense of unity and solidarity against violence and deprivation.

3. he would like to prove to Eduardo de Lete that the criticism

published against him in La Solidaridad had no basis but only pure
speculation.
VISITING FRIENDS IN CENTRAL
LUZON

June 27- Rizal boarded top train in tutuban station and visited his
friends in Malolos, San Fernando, Tarlac and Bacolor.

June 28- Rizal returned to Manila.

The homes he had visited were raided by the Guardia civil which seized
some copies on the Noli and Fili and some “subversive” pamphlets.
October 8, 1896 Rizal learned that the Madrid papers were full of
stories regarding the revolutions in the Philippines and he was blamed
from it.
October 11, 1896 Rizal’s diary was confiscated during his way to Port
Said, his cabin was searched nothing significant was found. On
November 11, 1896 his diary was returned. Unsuccessful Rescue in
Singapore Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez Dispatch telegrams
to an English lawyer in Singapore named Hugh Fort to rescue Rizal
when his arrive, by means of writ of habeas corpuz.
• When the Spanish steamer arrived, Atty. Fort instituted proceedings at the
Singapore Court for the immediate removal of Rizal from the said steamer.

• Chief Justice Loinel Cox denied the writ of habeas corpus on the ground
because the steamer carry Spanish troops hence it is a warship of foreign
power which under the law beyond the jurisdiction of the Singaporean court.
November 3, 1896 (Arrival in Manila) Spanish authorities gather evidence
against Rizal while:

• Deodato Arellano Domingo Franco Dr. Pio Valenzuela Temoteo Paez Moises
Salvador Pedro Serrano Laktaw were brutally tortured to implicate Rizal.
• Rizal owned brother was also arrested and tortured but never said
anything against his younger brother.
• First Investigation November 20, 1896 Preliminary investigation was
conducted. Rizal as the accused appeared before Judge Advocate,
Colonel Francisco Olive. He was subjected to a 5 day investigation,
Rizal was informed about his charges and been given the chance to
answer the questions they have on him though he was never
permitted to confront those people who testified against him.

• Two Evidences presented against him: 1. documentary 2. testimonial

• A letter from Antonio to Mariano Ponce dated Madrid October 16, 1888, showing Rizal
connection with the Filipino reform campaign in Spain.
• A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid, August 20,1890, stating that the
deportations are good for they will encourage the people to hate tyranny.
• A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Arellano, dated Madrid, January 7, 1889,
implicating Rizal in the propaganda movement campaign in Spain.
• A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly written by Rizal in Manila on September 12, 1891
• A letter from Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person, dated Barcelona, September 18,
1891, describing Rizal as the man to free the Philippines from Spanish oppression.
• A Masonic lodge document, dated Manila, February 9, 1892,honoring Rizal for his
patriotic services
• A letter signed Dimasalang ( Rizal’s pseudonym) to Tenlunz(Juan Zulueta’s pseudonym),
dated Hongkong, May 24, 1892,stating that he was preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos
who may persecuted by the Spanish authorities

• A letter to Dimasalang to an unidentified committee, dated Hongkong, June 1, 1892,

soliciting the aid of the committee in the “patriotic work”

• An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of Hongkong Telegraph, censuring the
banishment of Rizal to Dapitan.

• A letter to Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila,informing an unidentified correspondent

of the arrest andthe banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador.

• A letter to Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (JuanZulueta), dated Madrid, June 1,
1893 recommending theestablishment of a special organization, independent of Masonry,
to help the cause of the Filipino people.
• Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto) in a reunion to a Katipunan on July 23,
1893, in which the following cry uttered “Long Live the Philippines! Long LiveLiberty!lOng
live Dr. Rizal Unity!”

• Am anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of Hongkong Telegraph, censuring the
banishment of Rizal to Dapitan.

• A letter to Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, informing an unidentified correspondent

of the arrest and the banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador.

• A letter to Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (JuanZulueta), dated Madrid, June 1,
1893 recommending the establishment of a special organization, independent of Masonry,
to help the cause of the Filipino people.

• Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto) in a reunion to a Katipunan on July 23,

1893, in which the following cry uttered “Long Live the Philippines! Long Live
• The testimonial evidence consisted of the oral testimonies of :
• Martin Constantino Aguedo del Rosario
• Jose Reyes
• Moises Salvador
• Jose Dizon
• DomingoFranco
• Deodato Arellano
• Ambrosio Salvador
• Pedro Serrano Laktaw
• Dr. Pio Valenzuela Antonio
• Salazar Francisco
• Timoteo Paez
• November 6, 1896 After the investigation, Col. Olive transmitted the
records of the case to Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco, and the letter
appointed Capt. Rafael Dominguez - as special Judge advocate to
institute the corresponding action.
• Dominguez made a brief resume of the charges and returned the papers to the Governor
General, who there upon transmitted them to the Judge Advocate General Don Nicholas
de la Peña for an opinion. Peña submitted the following recommendations:
• The accused should be immediately brought to trial
• He should be kept in prison
• An order of attachment be issued against his property to the amount one million pesos
as an indemnity, and
• He should be defended in court by an army officer, not by a civilian officer December 8,
1896
• first and second lieutenants in the Spanish Army was presented to Rizal, Lt. Taviel de
Andrade chosen by Rizal to be his defense, he was the brother of Jose Taviel de Andrade
his previous bodyguard
Charges to the accused

• He was accused of being ‘ the principal organizer and the living soul of
the Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies, periodicals and
books dedicated to fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion’
• He pleaded not guilty to the crime of rebellion Manifesto to Some
Filipinos
• To inform the people that he condemned the rebellion because he
wanted their liberties to be attained through education and lacked
the participation of ‘those from above’
• Was not published because it did not condemn the rebellion in its
totality but only in two aspects: lack of participation and preparation.
Spain Case Against Rizal
Trial of Rizal
• Prosecution (Alcocer) Asked for death sentence;

• if pardon, permanent disqualification and subjection to surveillance

of authority, indemnity of 20,000 pesos. De Andrade in defense,
delivered an impressive speech and claimed that the guilt of Rizal has
not been legally established.
• Rizal supplemented his defender’s points in detail CUARTEL DE
ESPAÑA – site of Rizal’s trial
• According to Rizal, there are twelve points to prove his innocence: As testified
by Pio Valenzuela,
• Rizal was against rebellion
• He had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan comprising
revolutionary elements
• Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan; if he really was
guilty, he could have escaped while he was in Singapore
• If he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile; he shouldn't
have built a home, bought a parcel of land or established a hospital in Dapitan.
• If he was really the leader of the revolution, the revolutionists should have
consulted him.
• He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, but to make
things clear, the organization was a civic association, not a revolutionary
society.
• banished because of his exile in Dapitan, thus, did not last long.
• If the La Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no idea about it
• If the La Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not have been organized.
• If the Spanish authorities found his letters having bitter atmosphere, it was because in 1890
his family was being persecuted resulting to their dispossession of properties and
deportation of all his brothers-in-law.
• He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan – the politico-military commanders and missionary
priests in the province could attest to that.
• If according to witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco's house had inspired
the revolution, then he want to confront these persons. If he really was for the revolution,
then why did the Katipunan sent an unfamiliar emissary to him in Dapitan? It is so because
all his friends were aware that he never advocated violence.
• Why, furthermore, did Governor-General Ramon Blanco accept Dr.
Rizal's application to serve as a volunteer physician attached to the
Spanish medical corps in Cuba? Why did he, moreover, give Rizal a
letter of recommendation, addressed to the Ministers of War and of
the Ultramar, a portion of which is given below?
• In any case, when on September 30 the Isla de Panay was cruising the
Mediterranean Sea, the ship captain informed Dr. Rizal that he had
just received a telegraphic order to arrest and confine Dr. Rizal in his
cabin. (Documentos Rizalinos, 1953, p. 64). The Minister of Colonies
had sent Governor Blanco a telegram, which read: "Not advisable that
Rizal go to Cuba. He should be watched."
• When the Isla de Panay reached Barcelona on October 6, Dr. Rizal was
immediately transferred to the prison Montjuich Castle, the officer in
charge of which was General Eulogio Despujol, the governor who had
him arrested and deported to Dapitan. (Ibid., pp. 66-67).
• Dr. Rizal was then transferred to the SS Colon, which arrived in Manila
on November 8. Forthwith, he was again confined in Fort Santiago.
• But the military court remained indifferent to the pleads of Rizal.
• After a short deliberation, he was sentenced to be shot in musketry
until death at 7 o'clock in the morning of December 30, 1896 at
Bagumbayan. The decision was submitted to Gov. Polavieja who
immediately sought the opinion of Nicolas de la Peña – the latter
found the verdict just and final. Two days later, the governor general
signed the court's decision and ordered Rizal's execution.
• Polavieja signs Rizal’s Execution

• Dec 26 same afternoon Death sentence was passed with the same
condition except that indemnity was raised to 100,000 pesos.

• Dec 28 Gov. Gen Polavieja approved the sentence, ordering Rizal be

executed by firing squad two days later at 7a.m at Luneta Camilo de
Polavieja, Governor-General of the Philippines (1896-1897).
• it was discovered that Rizal's body had not even been
placed in a coffin. The shoes were identified, but
whatever had been inside them had already
disintegrated. The remains were washed and
prepared for proper re-interment at the Paco
Cemetery. The sepulchre was now well-tended.