Properties of metals

Uses of Aluminium

Aluminium is used in making cooking

utensils
because it is a good conductor of heat
Uses of copper

Copper is used in making utensils

Because it is malleable and
god conductor of heat
 What happens when Metals are burnt in Air ????
Metals burn in air to form oxides.
But all metals do not react with oxygen at the same rate. Different metals show different reactivities towards
oxygen.

Read the following statements and arrange the metals in decreasing order of their reactivity.

• Copper does not burn, but the hot metal is coated with a black coloured layer of copper(II) oxide.
• Potassium and sodium react so vigorously that they catch fire if kept in the open.
• At ordinary temperature, the surfaces of metals such as magnesium are covered with a thin layer
of oxide.
• Silver do not react with oxygen even at high temperatures.
• Iron does not burn on heating but iron filings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of the
burner.
Potassium
Potassium and sodium react so vigorously that they catch fire if kept Sodium
in the open. Hence, to protect them and to prevent accidental fires, magnesium
they are kept immersed in kerosene oil. At ordinary temperature, the Iron
surfaces of metals such as magnesium, aluminium, zinc, lead, etc., are Copper
covered with a thin layer of oxide. The protective oxide layer silver
prevents the metal from further oxidation.
Following metals are heated in oxygen and observations recorded.
Based on observations, they are arranged in decreasing order of reactivity. Underline the words that help you to
decide their reactivity. Write the balanced chemical equations.
Following metals are heated in oxygen and observations recorded.
Based on observations, they are arranged in decreasing order of reactivity. Underline the words that help you to
decide their reactivity. Write the balanced chemical equations.
How metals react
with water ?????
Reaction of metals with dilute acids
https://www.toppr.com/content/video/reactions-with-acid-english-3928/

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class-10-chemistry-india/x87dd2847d57ee41
9:in-in-metals-and-non-metals/x87dd2847d57ee419:in-in-chemical-properties-of-metals/
v/metals-reacting-with-acid-metals-and-non-metals-chemistry-khan-academy

You are required to investigate the reactivity of magnesium, copper, aluminium, iron and zinc
with dilute hydrochloric acid. Given that reaction of metals with acids are exothermic, design
an experiment to compare the reactivity of given metals. You are provided with necessary
laboratory equipment. Identify the dependent and independent variable.
Draw the observation table.
You will conduct the experiment in the lab. Suggest the improvements in your plan.
Draw conclusions. Record any unexpected observation.
Take equal volume of HCl in 5 separate test tubes/beakers.
Record the initial temperature of HCl in all test tubes.
Add equal amount( moles) of metals in separate test tubes containing HCl.
Note the rise in temperature and record the highest temperature reached in each case.
Compare the rise in temperature. The metal with highest temperature is the most reactive.
 The Reactivity Series of Metals

POTASSIUM K Metals above carbon

Very
SODIUM Na
reactive must be extracted from
CALCIUM Ca
MAGNESIUM Mg their ores by
Fairly ALUMINIUM Al electrolysis
reactive (CARBON)
ZINC Zn Metals below carbon can be
IRON Fe extracted from their ores using
Not very LEAD Pb reduction with coke or charcoal
reactive (HYDROGEN)
COPPER Cu Metals below hydrogen don’t
SILVER Ag react with water or acid.
Not at all
GOLD Au They don’t easily tarnish or
reactive
PLATINUM Pt corrode.
 The Reactivity Series of Metals
Reaction with AIR
POTASSIUM K
Very
reactive SODIUM Na Burn very easily with a bright
CALCIUM Ca flame
MAGNESIUM Mg
Fairly ALUMINIUM Al
reactive (CARBON)
ZINC Zn
IRON Fe React slowly with air when heated
Not very LEAD Pb
reactive (HYDROGEN)
COPPER Cu
SILVER Ag
Not at all
GOLD Au No reaction
reactive
PLATINUM Pt
 The Reactivity Series of Metals
Reaction with WATER
POTASSIUM K
Very
reactive SODIUM Na React with cold water
CALCIUM Ca
MAGNESIUM Mg
Fairly ALUMINIUM Al
React with steam
reactive (CARBON)
ZINC Zn
IRON Fe Reacts reversibly with steam
Not very LEAD Pb
reactive (HYDROGEN)
COPPER Cu
No reaction with water or steam
SILVER Ag
Not at all
GOLD Au
reactive
PLATINUM Pt
 The Reactivity Series of Metals
Reaction with DILUTE ACID
POTASSIUM K
Very
reactive SODIUM Na Violent reaction with dilute acids
CALCIUM Ca
MAGNESIUM Mg
Fairly ALUMINIUM Al
React fairly well with dilute acids
reactive (CARBON)
ZINC Zn
IRON Fe
Not very LEAD Pb
reactive (HYDROGEN)
COPPER Cu
No reaction with dilute acids
SILVER Ag
Not at all
GOLD Au
reactive
PLATINUM Pt
Structure & Uses of Alloys
•An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal
•Alloys often have properties that can be very different to the metals they contain,
for example they can have more strength, hardness or resistance to corrosion or
extreme temperatures
•Alloys contain atoms of different sizes, which distorts the normally regular
arrangements of atoms in metals
•This makes it more difficult for the layers to slide over each other, so alloys are
usually much harder than the pure metal

Common alloys and their uses

•Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc and is much stronger than either metal

•Alloys of iron with tungsten are extremely hard and resistant to high temperatures

• Steel are alloys of iron mixed with carbon, chromium or nickel are resistant to corrosion

•Aluminium is mixed with copper, manganese and silicon for aircraft body production as
the alloy is stronger but still has a low density.
Each word in a statement represents a metal. Decode the
statement to arrange the metals in Reactivity Series.
Each word in a statement represents a metal. Decode the
statement to arrange the metals in Reactivity Series.

Metals form positive ions by losing electrons.

The greater the tendency to form positive ions, greater is the
reactivity of the metal.

The loss of electrons is known as oxidation.

The metal atoms undergo oxidation to form positive ions.
1. No
2. Yes
3. Yes
4. no
Complete the equations. Write balanced chemical reaactions.
Complete the equations. Write balanced chemical reaactions.
TAKE A BREAK…..
watch a movie clip

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42dA6_lL9Kg

In the movie, volcanic gases quickly turn a placid lake into an acidic death trap as a
family escapes burning-hot lava by boat.
For a film that gets some eruption science terrifyingly right, the lake's radical
transformation has always been a sticking point. Volcanic gases belching from the lake
bottom can't acidify an entire lake in a matter of hours, debunkers have shown.
However, extremely acidic fluids could dissolve Grandma's legs and kill her from shock,
as well as eat holes in the boat.
Corrosion
Metals can oxidise in air. They react with oxygen and form metal oxides. For
example, sodium is a very reactive metal. When sodium is cut or scratched, its
freshly exposed shiny surface rapidly turns dull as a thin layer of sodium oxide
forms:
sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide
4Na(s) + O2(g) → 2Na2O(s)
Other metals may oxidise more slowly. Gold and other very unreactive metals
do not oxidise in air at all.
Corrosion happens when a metal continues to oxidise. The metal becomes
weaker over time, and eventually all of it may become metal oxide.
A rusting experiment
The experiment in the diagram shows that both oxygen and water are needed for rusting to happen.
 Preventing corrosion
Many methods of rust prevention rely on creating a physical barrier to oxygen and water. These
include:
•painting
•oiling and greasing
•coating with plastic
…………..work by creating a physical barrier to oxygen and water.

•Electroplating
Electroplating involves using electrolysis to put a thin layer of a metal on the object.
For example, steel cutlery can be electroplated with silver using a silver anode and silver nitrate
solution. Electroplating improves the corrosion resistance of metal objects.

Sacrificial protection
Iron can be protected from rusting if it is in contact with a more reactive metal, such as zinc.
The more reactive metal oxidises more readily than iron, so it 'sacrifices' itself while the iron
does not rust. Once the sacrificial metal has corroded away, it can simply be replaced.
Galvanising
When iron is coated in zinc, the process is called galvanising. The zinc layer stops oxygen and
water reaching the iron. Zinc is more reactive than iron, so it also acts as a sacrificial metal.
This protection works, even if the zinc layer is scratched.
Take a test ….

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zcxmfcw/test

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9m6v9q/test

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7dgdm/test

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zrfmrj6/test

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zyw3w6f/test