Atoms

MATTER

Is made up of ATOMS Is governed by

1. Law of Conservation of Mass
2. Law of Definite Proportions
Are composed of: 3. Law of Multiple Proportions
 Electrons
 Protons
Can react to form  Neutrons

Are explained by
Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Ions Compounds
 Ions Molecules

Cations Anions Ions

IONIC COMPOUNDS
Fundamental Laws of
Chemistry
 1. Lavoisier: Law of Conservation of
Mass

 Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier
 French chemist
 In 1774
 Law of Conservation
of Mass

 states that in a chemical

reaction, the mass of the
substances produced is equal
to the mass of the
substances reacted
 Matter is neither created nor
destroyed.
 Proust: Law of
Definite Composition

 Joseph-Louis Proust
 French chemist
 1754 – 1826
Discovery of Proton
Discovery of Neutrons
James Chadwick, the silent features of his model are –

1. The third type of sub-atomic particles – ‘neutrons’ are present in the nucleus
and had neither a positive nor a negative charge.

2. As each proton has a positive charge on them, thus they tend to repel each
other. Neutrons help in keeping protons together.

3. Mass of the nucleus is more due to the presence of neutrons. Neutrons are
of the same size as protons.

4. Atoms of the same element may differ in the number of neutrons leading to
the formation of isotopes.