Unit 1:

Understanding Text
Module 2: Text as a Reader-Writer Subject
 Text as READER-WRITER
SUBJECT
O Both reading and writing are processes
characterized by stages. The reading process
is composed of five (5) stages, namely: 1.
pre-reading, 2. reading, 3. responding, 4.
exploring, and 5. applying (Tompkins,
2014). Meanwhile, the five (5) stages of the
writing process are: 1. prewriting, 2.
drafting, 3. revising, 4. editing, and 5.
publishing.
Techniques in Selecting and
Organizing Information in
Reading and Writing
 Graphic Organizers
O One property of a well-written text is
organization. This means that a text follows a
logical structure or arrangement of ideas. One
way to do so is using a graphic organizer.
Graphic Organizers are charts or pictures that
aid you as a reader or a writer in establishing
the relationships between and among ideas.
1. Time Pattern Organizer
O This pattern is used when the ideas in a
text need to be arranged chronologically
such as in short stories and procedures.
For texts with this pattern, the graphic
organizer below may be used.
2. Space Pattern Organizer
O This pattern is commonly used in
descriptions to show how an object of
description appears in space (e.g., from
top to bottom, from left to right). For
this pattern, the graphic organizer
below may be used.
3. Listing Pattern Organizer
O This pattern is used when the writer
provides a series of details that does
not require and order.
TOPIC:

DETAIL 1

DETAIL 2

DETAIL 4

DETAIL 5
 4. Classification Pattern
Organizer
OThis pattern is used when the writer
divides a group into subgroups or
smaller groups.
TOPIC

CLSSIFICATION 1 CLASSIFICATION 2 CLASSIFICATION 3

CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS

EXAMPLES EXAMPLES EXAMPLES

 5. Comparison and Contrast
Pattern Organizer
O A writer uses this pattern to show the similarities
and differences between two or more subjects. A
text that follows the comparison and contrast
pattern uses the graphic organizer called Venn
Diagram. In using Venn Diagram, put similarities
of the subjects in the overlapping area while the
distinctive qualities or differences in the no
overlapping areas.
 6. Cause-and-Effect Pattern
Diagram
O This pattern is used when the writer
intends to express why something
happened or what resulted in that
particular event.
7. Generalization and Example
Pattern Organizer
O this pattern is used when the writer
explains a general idea and
discusses it using specific terms
then presents examples.
8. Definition Pattern Organizer
Othis pattern is used when the writer
provides a meaning of a new or
difficult word.