MOTIVATION

It is a stimulation of action toward a particular objective where

previously there was little or no attraction toward that goal.
Thus, it is a process of arousing, maintaining. energizing,
directing, sustaining, and controlling interest. Motivation is also
a significant influence in personality development aside from
heredity and environment. Here are some levels of motivations
of individuals:
 CONTENTS

a. Evolutionary b. Drive Reduction c. Optimum d. Cognitive

Theory Theory Arousal Theory Approach
PART 01

a. Evolutionary
Theory
Evolutionary Theory

Evolutionary theory according to this theory, the

motivation for sex, achievement, aggression, and
other behaviors is rooted in the organism's
evolutionary past [Buss, 2000). So, if a species is
highly competitive, it is because such
competitiveness has improved its chances of
survival, and it is then passed down through genes
from generation to generation.
PART 02

b. Drive Reduction
Theory
 Drive Reduction Theory

Drive reduction theory this theory explains that organisms are driven
by physiological needs. A need energizes one's drive to eliminate or
reduce the deprivation, ex. If one feels hunger, hunger is the
motivator to satisfy the need.
PART 03

c. Optimum
Arousal Theory
 Optimum Arousal Theory
Optimum arousal theory Yerkes-Dodson Law states that
performance is at its highest under conditions of moderate
arousal rather than high or low arousal. Ex. W/low arousal,
one might be too lazy or willing to perform the task. At
times, the level of arousal depends on the kind of task on
hand. Personal characteristics of an individual may also
influence the level of motivation. Sensation-seeking is the
motivation to experience varied novel, complex, and intense
feelings of the experience. This seeking has various forms,
namely: 11 motivated to engage in sports; 2) attracted to
vocations/ occupations; 3) drinking heavily, smoking, using
illicit drugs; and 41 short term. hedonistic attitude towards
intimate partners.
PART 04

d. Cognitive
Approach
 Cognitive Approach

Cognitive approach there are two aspects of this

approach, namely: intrinsic motivation [refers to
the inherent or internal stimulus of an individual to
satisfy his/her drive w/o the need for reward and
punishment]; and extrinsic motivation [based on
incentives w/c are artificial devices w/c is
employed to evoke conducive satisfaction).
Therefore, the former refers to internal factors like
self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort.
The latter involves outside factors such as rewards
and punishment.
Thank you for listening