Technological University (Pathein)

Department Of Civil Engineering

DESIGN OF TIMBER ROOF TRUSS

[ 40 ft span with 8 panels , 22° Slope of the truss ]
(20. 10. 2023 )

Supervised by Presented by
Daw Htet Htet Hlaing Group -3
Department of Civil Engineering IV - C
 Group Members
 Ma Hsu Lae Yee Naing  Mg Kaung Khant Wai

 Ma Hsu Myat Aung  Mg Min Htet Aung

 Ma Yu Ya Wai  Mg Ye Yint Naing

 Ma Yu Thiri Khin  Mg Kaung Htet Zaw

 Ma Khin Nyein Nyein San

 Ma Thet Htar San

 Ma Chuu Sandi Zin

2
 Outlines of Presentation

Introduction
Objectives of the study
Scope of the study
Literature Review
Data for timber roof truss design
Procedures
Conclusion

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 INTRODUCTION
What is truss?
 A truss is a structure that consists of a collection of structural elements connected at pin joints
or nodes.

 A timber roof truss is a structural framework of timbers designed to bridge the space above a
room and to provide support for a roof.

Advantages Of Timber Roof Trusses Top chord

Top chord

 Energy efficient
Webbing/posts
 Persistent to heat and electrical conduction

 Sound absorbent Bottom chord

Objectives of the study

1. To know the general knowledge of roof trusses.

2. To understand why structures are often designed as trusses.

3. To carry out the design of timber roof truss.

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 Scope Of The Study
1. Timber roof truss is considered as a case study.
2. The type of timber roof truss is Howe type.
3. The span of truss is 40 ft and spacing of truss is 8 ft.
4. The slope of truss is 22°.
5. The maximum wind speed is 100 mph.
6. The truss is analyzed by method of joints.
7. Own weight of truss is calculated by Howe equation.
 Literature Review
Types of trusses
Here is a list of the different types of trusses.

Howe Truss Warren Truss

K Truss

Fink Truss

8
Gambrel Truss

Pratt Truss
 Data for Timber Roof Truss Design
Type of truss =Howe
Span of truss =40 ft=12.192m
Number of panel =8 NOS
Slope of the truss =22°
Purlins =4”×2” at 3’ c/c
Own weight of truss =35.93+11.78L
=35.93+11.78(12.192)
=179.552 N/m2 (1lb/ft2= 47.88 N/m2)
=3.75 psf
Purlin weight =2 lb/ft2
Sheathing =3.25 lb/ft2
Truss spacing =8 ft
Live load =20 psf
Wind velocity =100 mph
Material =pyinkado
 Procedures
For Dead load & Live load

Total vertical load per paneled point not including purlin = total wt of truss
+ total wt of roofing material
+ total live load + total wt of purlin

=1200 + 6400 + 1040 + 640 = 9280 lb

Total vertical load at mid paneled = 9280/8 = 1160 lb

Total vertical load at end paneled = 1160/2 = 580 lb

 1160lb

1160lb 1160lb

1160lb 1160lb

1160lb 1160lb

580lb 580lb

5’ @ 8
Ay Iy

Fig : 1 Dead Load + Live load Diagram

 For Wind Load
q = 0.00256 v2
=0.00256 x 1002
=25.6 lb/ft2

 For wind ward

P = (0.07 x α– 2.1)q
= (0.07 × 22 – 2.1 ) 25.6
= -14.336lb/ft2

Load of mid paneled =P x area

=8 x 20/cos⁡(22°) x (-14.336)
= -2473.9 lb

For one panel = (-2473.9)/4 = -618.48 lb

Load at end paneled = - (-618.48)/2 = -309.24 lb

 For Lee ward;
P = -0.7q
= -17.92 lb/

Load at mid paneled = 8 x 20/cos⁡( 22° )x (-17.92)

= -3092.37 lb

For one panel = (-3092.37)/4 = -773.09 lb

Load at end paneled = -(-773.09)/2 = -386.55 lb

 309.24lb 386.55lb

618.48lb 773.09lb

773.09lb
618.48lb
773.09lb
618.48lb

309.24lb 386.55

RAx

RAy RIy

Fig : 2 Wind Load Diagram

NO Member Bar Force (lb)
D.L+L.L W.L Total Critical

For Top Chord Member

1 AB -10838.04 5802.91 -5035.13 -10838.04

2 BC -9289.75 5162.45 -4127.3 -9289.75

3 CD -7741.39 4643.71 -3097.68 -7741.39

4 DE -6193.04 4064.1 -2128.94 -6193.04

5 EF -6193.04 4032.86 -2160.18 -6193.04

6 FG -7741.39 5016.09 -2725.3 -7741.39

7 GH -9289.75 6181.96 -3107.79 -9289.75

8 HI -10838.04 8317.69 -2520.34 -10838.04

 For Bottom Chord Member
1 A1 10048.86 -5032.84 5016.02 10048.86

2 12 10048.86 -5032.84 5016.02 10048.86

3 23 8613.31 -4207.33 4405.98 8613.31

4 34 7177.71 -3494.68 3683.03 7177.71

5 45 7177.71 -3926.84 3250.87 7177.71

6 56 8613.31 -5297.42 3315.89 8613.31

7 67 10048.86 -7480.40 2568.46 10048.86

8 7I 10048.86 -7480.40 2568.46 10048.86

 For Vertical Web Member

1 1B 0 0 0 0

2 2C 580 -333.53 246.47 580

3 3D 1159.98 -575.82 584.16 1159.98

4 4E 3479.91 -2388.04 1091.87 3479.91

5 5F 1159.98 -1107.43 52.55 1159.98

6 6G 580 -827.38 -247.38 580

7 7H 0 -820.98 -820.98 0
 For Inclined Web Member

1 2B -1548.29 890.34 -657.95 -1548.29

2 3C -1845.68 916.21 -929.47 -1845.68

3 4D -2255.75 1208.46 -1047.29 -2255.75

4 4F -2255.75 1887.50 -368.25 -2255.75

5 5G -1845.68 1762.07 -83.61 -1845.68

6 6H -1548.29 2208.24 659.95 -1548.29

 For Timber Member Size
For Top Chord member,
Critical load, P=10838.04lb (compression)
Consider as solid column , FC = 1900 psi ,α=1
E = 2 x 106 psi
k =1

Assume area = 5” x 3”solid column

Actual area = 4.75” x 2.75” = 13.06

FC = P/A = 10838.04/13.06 = 829.86 psi

L = 5/(cos22°) = 5.39 ft

kL/d = (1 x 5.39 x 12)/2.75 =23.57

K = 0.671 = 0.671 =21.77

kL/d> 11 (not short column)

kL/d> K (long column)
Fc’ = = = 1080.02 psi
 Check ; < 1

829.86/1080.02 < 1
0.77 < 1 (OK)
Pallow = Area x Stress
= 13.06 x 1080.02
= 14105.06 lb >10838.04 lb (OK)
Use 5’’ x 3’’ Pyinkado For Top Chord member.

Similarly , Bottom chord , vertical web member and inclined web

member can be calculated.

Member Sizes
Top Chord 5”×3”(solid column)

Bottom chord 5”×3”(solid column)

Vertical web member 4”×3”(solid column)

Inclined web member 4”×3”(solid column)

 At Joint A, 10838.04lb

0 10048.86lb

Cpar = 2500 psi

Cper = 1000 psi
L = 2.75 in
L/d = 2.75/0.75 = 3.67, = 1 , = 1.41 , θ=22°

Permissible load for parallel to grain loading,

P = x 1.25
= 1 x 2.75 x 0.75 x 2500 x 1.25
= 6445.3 lb

Permissible load for perpendicular to grain loading,

Q = x 1.25
= 1 x 1.41 x 2.75 x 0.75 x 1000 x 1.25
= 3635.17lb
N = = 5814.54 lb

Number of bolt for member 1 = 10838.04/5814.54 = 1.7 ≈ 2

bolts

Use 2 bolts.

Number of bolt for member 2 = 10838.04/6445.31 = 1.6 ≈ 2 bolts

Length of bolt = 2.75 + (2 x 0.75) + (0.25 x 2)

= 5 in

Spacing (parallel to grain) = 1.5 D =1.125 in

(end distance) = 3D = 2.25 in
(Edge distance) = 1.5 D =1.125 in
 ¼ thick gussed plate

¾ θ bolt and nut width ⅛ washer

5 in x 3 in common rafter (Top Chord)

4 in x 3 in vertical web member

4 in x 3 in inclined web member

Bottom chord joint with 5 in x 3 in

Common rafter joint

5 in x 3 in bottom chord

Fig : 3 Timber Roof Truss Diagram

 Conclusion
 Roof truss length = 40 ft

 Slope of truss = 22°

 Bottom chord ,Top chord =5”×3”(solid column)

 Vertical,Inclined Web member=4’’

 Bolt & nut size =3/4 in

Thank you for watching our presentation….