Substance-abusing youth are at higher

risk than non-users for mental health

problems, including depression, conduct
problems, personality disorders, suicidal
thoughts, attempted suicide, and
suicide.
What are the biological effects of drugs?

• They speed up messaging to and from the brain, making you feel
more alert and confident. This can cause increased heart rate,
blood pressure and body temperature, reduced appetite, agitation
and sleeplessness. In large amounts stimulants may cause anxiety,
panic, seizures, stomach cramps and .paranoia
What are the effects of drug abuse in school?

• The study indicated that effects of drug abuse include addiction,

violence, high-risk sexual behavior, hospitalization for overdoses
with some succumbing to drug related diseases, poor academic
performance, school dropout, dependency on drugs, among
others.
What are the disadvantages of drug?

• A weakened immune system, increasing the risk of illness and

infection. Heart conditions ranging from abnormal heart rates to
heart attacks and collapsed veins and blood vessel infections from
injected drugs. Nausea and abdominal pain, which can also lead to
changes in appetite and weight loss.
How do drugs work in the body?

• Drugs undergo four stages within the body: absorption,

distribution, metabolism, and excretion. After a drug is
administered, it is absorbed into the bloodstream. The circulatory
system then distributes the drug throughout the body. Then it is
metabolized by the body.Jul 11,
What drug does to the body is called?

• Pharmacodynamics, described as what a drug does to the body,

involves receptor binding, postreceptor effects, and chemical
interactions. Drug pharmacokinetics determines the onset,
duration, and intensity of a drug's effect.
How can you say no to drugs?

• Saying No to Alcohol and Drugs

• Look the person in the eye.
• In a firm voice, tell the person you don't want to drink or
use drugs. Say something like: ...
• Give a reason why you don't want to drink or
use drugs. Say something like: ...
• Ask the person not to ask you to drink or use drugs again. ...
• If you notice that someone does have drugs, leave the area.
How effective is drug education?

• Research on the cost effectiveness of drug education progammes

indicates that they compare favourably with the
cost effectiveness of most law enforcement approaches, but are
not as cost effective as treatment.
How can we stop drugs in school?

• Consider other strategies to prevent teen drug abuse:

• Know your teen's activities. Pay attention to your teen's
whereabouts. ...
• Establish rules and consequences. ...
• Know your teen's friends. ...
• Keep track of prescription drugs. ...
• Provide support. ...
• Set a good example.
Why is medicine good for you?

• The benefits of medicines are the helpful effects you get

when you use them, such as lowering blood pressure, curing
infection, or relieving pain. The risks of medicines are the
chances that something unwanted or unexpected could happen
to you when you use them
What does medication mean?

• A medication is a substance that is taken into or placed on the

body that does one of the following things: Most medications are
used to cure a disease or condition. For example, antibiotics are
given to cure an infection. ... Medications are also given to
relieve symptoms of an illness.
What is a drug definition?

• A drug is a substance used to prevent or cure a disease or ailment

or to alleviate its symptoms
What is the harmful effects of medicine?

• Perhaps the most common set of side effects for drugs that work
inside your body involves the gastrointestinal system. Nearly
any drug can cause nausea or an upset stomach, though it may
only happen to a handful of people. For drugs used on the outside,
skin irritation is a common complaint
How do drugs know where to go?

• Drugs have no idea where to go when you take them.” Luckily,

your body has a system that is smart enough to
get medicines exactly where they're needed. When you swallow a
pill, it travels through the stomach and small intestine into the
liver, which breaks it down and releases the remnants into the
blood stream
How can drugs be eliminated?

• Most drugs, particularly water-soluble drugs and their

metabolites, are eliminated largely by the kidneys in urine.
Therefore, drug dosing depends largely on kidney function.
Some drugs are eliminated by excretion in the bile (a greenish
yellow fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder).
•
How does addiction hijack the brain?

• Repeated exposure to an addictive substance or behavior causes

nerve cells in the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex
(the area of the brain involved in planning and executing tasks) to
communicate in a way that couples liking something with wanting
it, in turn driving us to go after it.
What is the Cmax of a drug?

• Cmax is the highest concentration of a drug in the blood,

cerebrospinal fluid, or target organ after a dose is given.
•
How can peer pressure prevent drugs?

• Here are some tactics that can work for anyone at any age.
• Spend time with those who resist peer pressure. ...
• Learn how to be assertive. ...
• Ask for help if necessary. ...
• Get out of the situation. ...
• Choose friends carefully. ...
• Use the delay tactic. ...
• Think ahead. ...
• Provide your own positive pressure
Can education eradicate addiction to drugs?

• Research has shown that a positive relationship with school, which

creates a greater sense of community, attachment, and
performance, is associated with reduced potential for drug abuse
Do teachers have to report drug use?

• A teacher or principal does not breach criminal law by failing

to notify a parent about the use of an illicit drug by his/her child.
However, as described in the response to question 1, it is clearly
appropriate for a teacher to advise the principal about a
student's use of illicit drugs.
What are the major causes of drug abuse?

• Certain factors can affect the likelihood and speed of developing

an addiction:
• Family history of addiction. Drug addiction is more common in some
families and likely involves genetic predisposition. ...
• Mental health disorder. ...
• Peer pressure. ...
• Lack of family involvement. ...
• Early use. ...
• Taking a highly addictive drug.
Why do drugs have side effects?

• Side effects fall into several categories. Allergic reactions can

happen with any drug and can range from itching and rash all the
way up to a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. Other side
effects simply come with the territory. Some drugs can't help but
trigger side effects because of their chemical structure
Why are drugs taken orally?

• Many medications are taken orally because they are intended to

have a systemic effect, reaching different parts of the body via
the bloodstream,
What are useful drugs?

• Here we list the top 8 most important drugs developed.

• Penicillin – 1942. Penicillin was first developed in 1928, but started to be used
in 1942.
• Insulin – 1922. ...
• Smallpox vaccine. ...
• Morphine – 1827. ...
• Aspirin – 1899. ...
• Polio vaccine. ...
• Chlorpromazine or thorazine - 1951. ...
• Chemotherapy drugs – 1990s. ...
To stop drugs….

• Ask if there are ways to prevent or manage drug side effects—like

taking a medicine with food, or at bedtime. Ask whether you can
drink alcohol when using the medicine, as combining alcohol with
certain medicines can be dangerous. Make sure your healthcare
providers are aware of any allergies you have.
How does medicine know which body part is
hurting

• When prostaglandin is released, the nerve endings respond to it by

picking up and transmitting the pain and injury messages through
the nervous system to the brain. They tell the brain everything
about the pain, like where it is and how much it hurts.
•
Which organ is responsible for drug excretion?

• Although many sites of metabolism and excretion exist, the chief

organ of metabolism is the liver, while the organ primarily tasked
with excretion is the kidney. Any significant dysfunction in either
organ can result in accumulation of the drug or its metabolites in
toxic concentrations.
Why do our brains get addicted?

• When someone develops an addiction, the brain craves the

reward of the substance. This is due to the intense stimulation of
the brain's reward system. In response, many continue use of the
substance, unlocking a host of euphoric feelings and strange
behavioral traits.
Why do we get addicted?

• Many factors influence the development of addictions, Boyle said,

from genetics, to poor social support networks, to the experience
of trauma or other co-occurring mental illnesses. One of the
biggest risk factors is age. "The younger someone is, the more
vulnerable they are to addiction," Boyle said.
•
Which part of brain is responsible for addiction?

• Functional imaging studies have shown that during drug

intoxication, or during craving, these frontal regions become
activated as part of a complex pattern that includes brain circuits
involved with reward (nucleus accumbens), motivation
(orbitofrontal cortex), memory (amygdala and hippocampus), and
cognitive control.
What is bioavailability of a drug?

• More accurately, bioavailability is a measure of the rate and

fraction of the initial dose of a drug that successfully reaches
either; the site of action or the bodily fluid domain from which
the drug's intended targets have unimpeded access
How can we prevent youth from drugs?

• 8 Strategies to Prevent Your Young Person from Using Drugs

• Be Honest and Direct. ...
• Give Them Praise. ...
• Make Sure They Know the Legal Consequences of Using Drugs. ...
• Make Sure They Know the Life-long Consequences of Addiction. ...
• Volunteer at a Substance Abuse Treatment Center or a Homeless Shelter. ...
• Do Your Homework. ...
• Make One-On-One Time. ...
• Keep Your Cool.
Do drug awareness programs work?

• Conclusions. Evidence exists for a small but systematic beneficial

effect of drug prevention programs in rural settings. It is likely
that these programs have produced a mild reduction in new use of
substances but have had little impact on those already using
substances.
What is a drug education program?

• Alcohol and other drug education programs aim to delay or

prevent people from starting to use alcohol and other drugs. ...
Adult alcohol and other drug education programs promote
responsible drinking behaviour and teach people about the risks of
certain drugs.
What happens if you get caught selling drugs in school?

• Most schools have rules against possessing or

using drugs at school. If a student is found possessing or
using drugs, they will probably be suspended for at least several
days. If a student is caught dealing drugs at school they will
probably be expelled, or at least suspended for a lengthy period of
time.
Can school make you take a drug test?

• Is random drug testing of students legal? In June 2002, the U.S.

Supreme Court broadened the authority of
public schools to test students for illegal drugs. The court ruled to
allow random drug tests for all middle and high school students
participating in competitive extracurricular activities
What is the meaning of drugs abuse?

• The use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-the-

counter drugs for purposes other than those for which they are
meant to be used, or in excessive amounts. Drug abuse may lead
to social, physical, emotional, and job-related problems
What are the psychological causes of drug abuse?

• Another psychological cause of addiction is people's thoughts and

beliefs. This is because much of our behavior originates from our
thoughts and beliefs. This includes addictive behaviors. For
instance, if someone believes that recovery is not possible, it is
highly unlikely they will put forth any effort to quit.
What are the substances of abuse?

• Substance abuse is when you take drugs that are not legal. It's also
when you use alcohol, prescription medicine, and other legal
substances too much or in the wrong way. Substance abuse differs
from addiction. Many people with substance abuse problems are
able to quit or can change their unhealthy behavior
How are side effects of drugs determined?

• How are side effects determined? The list of side effects on the
product information inside your medicine boxes
is determined during clinical trials. Patients in the trial are
monitored and regularly asked to report all symptoms they
experience
What are oral drugs?

• They come as solid tablets, capsules, chewable tablets or lozenges

to be swallowed whole or sucked on, or as drinkable liquids such
as drops, syrups or solutions. In most cases, the ingredients in oral
medication don't enter the bloodstream until they reach the
stomach or bowel.
Why can some drugs not be taken orally?

• Other drugs are absorbed poorly or erratically in the digestive

tract or are destroyed by the acid and digestive enzymes in the
stomach. Other routes of administration are required when
the oral route cannot be used, for example: When a
person cannot take anything by mouth
Do drugs cure diseases?

• Medicines are chemicals or compounds used to cure, halt, or

prevent disease; ease symptoms; or help in the diagnosis of
illnesses. Advances in medicines have enabled doctors to cure
many diseases and save lives.