Group 1

Semantic
Sentence, Utterance,
Proposition
Presented by: Vivin Sumanti
Sovia Lutvianita
Utami
Nanda Alifia
 Semantic
• Semantics is the study of the meaning of
linguistic expressions such as word and
sentence.

•It is the study of the relationships between

signs and symbols and what they represent.
Lyons (1977) suggested that we should draw a distinction between sentence
meaning and utterance/speaker meaning.

Speaker Meaning Sentence Meaning

is what a speaker means is what a sentence or word
(i.e. intends to convey) means, i.e. what it counts
when he uses a piece of as the equivalent of in the
language. language concerned.
 Sentence Meaning
• The meaning of the sentence
depends on the meaning of the
words.
- The boy is killing the girl.
Killing >>> make the girl not
alive
 Speaker Meaning
•The meaning depends on the intention of the
speaker.
– The boy is killing the girl.
Killing >>> make the girl have the broken heart
 Example
Can you close the door?
- Speaker meaning: ___________
-Sentence meaning: __________

A : Would you come to my party?

B : Sorry I have to study for the examination
- Speaker meaning : __________
- Sentence meaning: __________
 Sentence
A sentence is a string of words put
together by the grammatical of rules of a
language expressing a complete thought.
For example, I am a student.
Sentence always consist as the same words and in the
same order.

The Same Sentence Different Sentence

She is going to Hellen rolled up the cafe

school Hellen rolled the carpet up
She is going to
school
 What is an utterance ?
Utterance is a speech act, an instance of making a meaningful statement
through language. It can be a word, phrase, sentence, or discourse.
 Example
‘Hello’………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………… Yes / No
‘Not
much’………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………… Yes / No

‘Pxgotmgt’…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………. Yes / No
‘Schplotzenpflaaaaaaargh!’
……………………………………………………………………………….
Yes / No
"Have you eaten?“
"I'm fine.“
"I'm sorry."
 Conclusion
Expressions of words that are simple and
sometimes even have no meaning at all or
Utterances involve complex meaning-making
that goes beyond the simple act of conveying
words. Context, tone, and situational factors all
play a crucial role in interpreting language.
What is proposition?
Different proposition?
 Examples of different proposition:

John gave marry a book

Harry take out the garbage Marry was given a book by john
Harry took the garbage out

Isobel loves Tony

Tony loves Isobel
In uttering a declarative sentence, a speaker typically
asserts a proposition
Example: Example: 4 + 4 = 8
True proposition and
False proposition?
• Examples of true proposition: Is it a fact that
there are lions in Africa?
• Example of false proposition: Is it a fact that state
of Arkansas is uninhabited by human beings?
Thanks for attention