ASSIGNMENT NO 1

FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
ALI HUSNAIN
ROLL NO: 230601
TYPES OF A PRONOUN
1 PERSONAL PRONOUN:
Personal pronouns are used in place of the personal
or people that we are talking about.

• First person :( I, we, me, us)-

The person _ speaking

• Second person :(you)

The person _ spoken to

• Third person :(he, she, it, they, him, her, them)

The person spoken of.

• For example, instead of saying “my name is john, “you could say “I am john.
• For example, I like Riya.

2 Demonstrative
Demonstrative pronoun s a word that is used to point a
specific person, place or thing, or idea. demonstrative pronouns can be
either singular or plural, and they are used to indicate which noun or noun
phrase the speaker is referring to.
• This (singular, close to the speaker)
• That (singular, far from the speaker)
• These (plural, close to the speaker)
• Those (plural, far from the speaker
Example: This is a red ball
That is a blue ball.
 3 RELATIVE
A relative pronoun is a word that introduces a relative clause, which is a
clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. Relative clauses provide additional information.
About the noun or pronoun, they modify, and they are often essential for understanding
the full meaning of the sentence.
• Who (for people)
• Whom (for people, in formal writing)
• Whose (for possession)
• Which (for things)
• The dog that is barking is my dog.
• The cat whose tail is wagging is my cat.
4 interrogatives
An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to ask a question. The
five interrogative pronouns in English are:

• What?
• Which?
• Who?
• Whom?
• Whose?
• What is your favorite color?
• Which animal is your favorite?

5 reflexive
A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that refers back to the subject of the sentence.
Reflexive pronouns end in self or selves, and they can be used as either objects or indirect
objects.

• Myself
• Yourself
• Himself
• Herself
• Itself
• I washed myself.
• You dried yourself.
6 emphatics
Emphatic pronouns are pronouns that are used to emphasize a noun or pronoun in
a sentence . they are formed by adding the suffix -self or -selves to personal pronouns.

• My self
• Your self
• Him self
• I myself am a big fan of your work.
• You yourself said that you would do it

7 modal verbs
Modal verbs are type of auxiliary verb that is used to express possibility,
necessity, permission, or ability. They are often used to add nuance or subtly to a sentence,
and they can be used to create a variety of different effects.

• Can
• Could
• May
• Might
• Will
• I can’t believe you passed the exam!
• You should have studied harder.

8 Auxiliary verbs
Auxiliary verbs are verbs that are mused with another verb to help express
the main verb’s tenses, mood, or voice. They are also known as helping verbs. The most
common verbs in English are:

• Be
• Do
• Have
• Modal verbs (can, could, may, might, must shall, should, will would)
• I am a student.
• You do not have to help me.

9 transitive verbs
A transitive verb is a verb that requires a direct object to complete its
meaning. The direct object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. For
example, in the sentence “I threw the ball, “the verb “threw” is transitive because it requires a
direct object, the ball to complete its meaning.
 • The cat chased the mouse. (mouse)
• The artist painted the picture. (picture)

10 intransitive verbs
An intransitive verb is a verb that does not take a direct object. This
means that the action of the verb does not transfer to another person, place, or thing. Instead,
the verb describes a state of being or an action that is complete within itself.

• Action verbs: laugh, cry, sleep, grow, jump, run, dance, sing.
• State of being verbs be, seem, appear, become, remain, exist, happen.
• Motion verbs: walk, drive, fly, swim, travel.

THE END