IONS

&
MOLECULES
 IONS

• When a neutral
atom gains or
loses one or more
electrons, it
becomes
electrically
charged particle
called ion.
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 TYPES OF
IONS

1. Anion – atom
that gains electron
becomes
negatively
charged.

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2. Cation – when
atoms gives off
an electron, its
charge becomes
positive.

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• Monoatomic ions – ion that consists of only one atom.

Example: Na+, Mg2+, Fe3+, S2-, Cl-

• Polyatomic ions – an ion that contains more than one

atom.

Example: PO₄⁻³, OH⁻, NH₄⁺

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RULES IN NAMING IONS

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11/09/2023 7
1.) ALKALI/ALKALINE EARTH METALS

• GROUP 1A – loses 1 electron only

Example: Na+ sodium

K+ potassium

• GROUP 2A – loses 2 electrons

Example: Mg2+ magnesium

Ca2+ calcium 11/09/2023 8
 TRY!!!

• Write and name the ion formed by:

1. Lithium
2. Barium

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2.) TRANSITION METALS
 ends with –ous (ion
with the lower charge)
 ends with –ic (ion with
higher charge)

classical systematic

Fe2+ ferrous iron(II)

Fe3+ ferric iron(III)

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 3. NONMETALS

• Nonmetals take a different nomenclature.

• The monoatomic anions are named by attaching the
suffix – ide to the first few letters(root) of the nonmetal name.

Ex. Br - bromide
S2- sulfide

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 TRY!!!

• Write and name the ions formed by:

1. OXYGEN
2. FLUORINE

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 4. NONMETALS (POLYATOMIC IONS
WITH OXYGEN)

• Ends with –ite (the anion with lesser oxygen)

• Ends with –ate (the anion with more oxygen)

• Example:

NO2- nitrite
NO3- nitrate
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 5. HALOGENS

• Can form four(4) polyatomic ions with oxygen.

• Each ion is named differently depending on the number of
oxygen atoms present.
• 1 O atoms: CIO- hypochlorite
• 2 O atoms: CIO2- chlorite
• 3 O atoms: CIO3- chlorate
• 4 O atoms: CIO4- perchlorate
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 TRY!!!

• Write and name the four anions of BROMINE

and OXYGEN.

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NAMING IONIC & MOLECULAR
COMPOUND

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 • A compound consist
of:
IONIC COMPOUND
• 1 metal (+)
• 1 nonmetal (-)

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 IONIC COMPOUND (WITHOUT
TRANSITION METALS)

Balance Charges Chemical

Formula/Name
aluminum oxide 6+ 6-
Al2 O3
Al3+ O2- Al2O3

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 IONIC COMPOUND (WITH A
TRANSITION METALS)

• Name of Transition Metal

• (Roman Numeral) – oxidation number
• Nonmetal ending in –ide
Balance Charges Chemical Formula
iron (III) oxide
6+ 6-
Fe O3+ 2- Fe2 O3 Fe2O3

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 POLYATOMIC ION

Balance Charges Chemical Formula

calcium phosphate

6+ 6-
Ca3(PO4)2
Ca2+ PO43- Ca3 (PO4)2

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 IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH A
TRANSITION METAL & POLYATOMIC
ATOM

• Name of Transition Metal

• (Roman Numeral) – oxidation number
• Polyatomic atom

Balance Charges Chemical Formula

copper (II) nitrate

2+ 2-

Cu2+ NO3- Cu (NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2

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 • Refers to covalent
MOLECULAR compound.
COMPOUND
• Covalent compound:
• 2 nonmetals (-)

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 PREFIXES:
1 – mono
2 – di
3 – tri

MOLECULAR 4 – tetra
5 – penta
COMPOUND
6 – hexa
7 – hepta
8 – octa
9 – nona
10 – deca
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 NAMING COVALENT COMPOUND

• DO NOT balance charges

• Prefix + name of nonmetal
• Prefix + nonmetal ending in –ide

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 NAMING COVALENT
COMPOUND

Example:

diphosphorus pentoxide P2O5

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 POLYATOMIC IONS

ammonium sulfate Balance Charges Chemical Formula

+ 2-
+2 -2 (NH4)2SO4
NH4 SO4 NH4 SO4

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THANK YOU!