1

INTODUCTION TO
MOVEMENTS
HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND
REHABILITATION

DR TAHIRA NIHAL
RAJPUT
2
 CONTENTS
Types of movements and posture
Pattern of movement
Timing in movement
Rhythm of movement
The nervous control of movement

3
 DEFINITION
MOVEMENT
Act of moving is called movement
The skeletal system support the muscles so the body can
move
HOW MOVEMENT OCCUR
Movement occurs when a muscle contracts and pulls on a
bone and another muscle relaxes to allow a bone to move.

4
 TYPES OF MOVEMENT
Voluntary movements
Involuntary movements

5
 FUNDAMENTALS OF
MOVEMENT
Physiologic or osteokinematics
Arthokinematics or Accessory

6
 TYPES OF MOVEMENT
Flexion – is a bend that decrease angle at two bones.
Extension – is a movement which straightens there by
increasing the angle at a joint (opposite of flexion).
Rotation – is a movement where the bone is moved around
the central axis.
Abduction – is the movement of a bone away from the center
line of the body.
Adduction – is the movement of a bone towards the center
line of the body
Circumduction – this is all five movements done (possible at
the shoulder when we move our arm in a circle.

7
TYPES OF MOVEMENT

8
 DEFINITION
POSTURE
It is a measure of mechanical efficiency of muscles,
balance and of neuromuscular coordination.

It is considered as the relative arrangement of parts of

the body. It changes with the positions and
movements of the body throughout life and
throughout the day.

It is the attitude which is assumed by body parts to

maintain stability and balance with minimum effort
and least strain during supportive and non supportive
positions.
9
POSTURE

10
 TYPES OF POSTURE
ACTIVE POSTURE
The integrated action of many muscles is required to
maintain active postures
They are basically divided in two types
STATIC POSTURE
The body and its segments are aligned and
maintained in certain positions
DYNAMIC POSTURE
Refers to postures in which the body or its
segments are moving

11
ACTIVE POSTURE

12
 TYPES OF POSTURE
INACTIVE POSTURE
These are postures or attitudes adopted for resting or
sleeping.
They require theoretically minimal muscle activity, and are
usually assumed in need of relaxation.

13
PATTERN OF MOVEMENT
The site and direction of a movement are described as its
pattern and a variety of patterns are possible
Most functional movements pattern require movement in
several joints
Movements which are localised to few or a single joints are
developed or distilled from mass movement pattern by a
conscious process of learning

14
TIMINGS IN MOVEMENT
Timings is the sequence of muscular contraction which takes
place in the production of movement
The timings of functional movements usually proceeds from
distal to proximal as it is the distal areas which receive most of
the stimuli which control the movement
The smooth and orderly sequence of events which constitutes
effective timings ensures the maximum efficiency of muscular
contraction which is characteristic of co-ordinated movement

15
RHYTHM OF MOVEMENT
The word rhythm means a regular beat or recurrence of a
sequence of events

Rhythmical movements taken too quickly or too slowly usually

result in faulty timing and loss of efficiency, an increase in the
muscle work or decrease of the range of motion

16
 THE NERVOUS CONTROL
OF MOVEMENT
The motor unit is the functional unit of the neuromuscular
system which initiates and achieves movement in response to a
demand for activity

The unit’s muscle fibres contract in response to impulses

discharged from its cell (Anterior Horn Cell)

Anterior horn cell get stimulation from central nervous system

it may be excitory or inhibitory

17
18
19