Market

failures and
Government
policy.
1.
Paper
Manufacturing
industry in Viet
Nam
 ⊷ The negative impact of paper production on the
environment is very serious.
⊷ Up to 40% of the world's commercial timber is
used for paper production.
⊷ The natural habitat is negatively affected by the
pulp mills
⊷ More than 30 million acres of forest are
destroyed every year.
⊷ It takes 10 liters of water to produce 1 sheet of
A4 paper
⊷ Most of the landfill waste is made of paper,
which when the paper rots, it will release
methane gas.

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 The life cycle for
paper production

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 2. State the problem (Externalities)

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 Waterwaste
⊷ Fats, lignin and some decomposition
products of chlorinated lignin have high
ecological toxicity, carcinogenic potential
and are difficult to decompose in the
environment.
⊷ In 2014, the authorities detected 383 tons of
waste that factories intended to use in the
papermaking process.
⊷ Discharged more than 5,000 m3 of untreated
wastewater into the canal every day.
⊷ The amount of wastewater is estimated at
about 12,000 m3 / day.

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 Air Pollution
o Paper production process generates chemicals
and chemical vapors that effected on the
environment.
o H2S gas, mercaptane vapor released from
cooking the dough.
o SOx, NOx, etc. waste from the combustion of
fuel supplied to the boiler.
o Steam from the paper sheets is blown into the
air, pulling hydrocarbons, substances in wood
materials, etc., causing environmental pollution
o Air pollution by flue gas from sulfur furnace
and flue gas from burning fuel

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 Solidwast
e

generated solid waste

activities

p ro

ste
duc aste

wa
w
tion

o us
a rd
sol

haz
id
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 Possible
solution
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 Public policy solution
⊷ Any manufacturing enterprise that violates or exceeds this
technical regulation will be subject to very high fines.

⊷ Strictly manage the technology and equipment of the production

plants, and regularly check the wastewater treatment process.

⊷ Promulgating regulations on the number of trees allowed to be

used in a year, if this quantity is exceeded, an additional
percentage of annual corporate tax must be paid.

⊷ Support for small businesses to invest in equipment to help

reduce industrial waste.

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 Private solution
⊷ Applying "Sản Xuất Sạch Hơn" is a new approach to reduce
pollution at the source through more efficient use of fuels.

⊷ Preserving and cleaning input materials by dry method will

reduce the amount of wastewater from washing raw materials.

⊷ Use a jet gun to wash machinery, equipment, floors, etc.

industrial wastewater will be reduced.

⊷ Use technical measures to conserve steam and water, avoid

vapor loss, water overflow.

⊷ Recover pulp and fiber from the wastewater stream to save

input materials, and at the same time reduce the number of
pollutants in wastewater, emissions, and solid waste.

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 Thanks!
ANY QUESTIONS?

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