STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

THE HOUSE DRAIN

 portion of the plumbing system that receives discharges

of all soil and waste stacks within the building, and
conveys the same to the House Sewer.

 is also known as Collection Line of a Plumbing System.

 House Drain are installed underground, or maybe suspended
below the floor or inside the ceiling.

 In large building, house drain is usually suspended from the

basement ceiling to avail of the gravity flow of waste to the
Main Sewer.

 Oversize House Drain reduces the scouring action in the pipe,

thus the solid waste are carried along the bottom of the pipe
and because the water flow within the larger pipe is shallow,
and slow, they become separated from the water, and remains
at the bottom of the pipe. This causes clogging of the drain
branch, and ultimately the House Drain.

 The House Drain should be size correctly to have a flow about

50% of the pipe diameter.
 CLASSIFICATION OF HOUSE DRAIN
 Combined Drain
a type of house drain that receives discharges of sanitary waste as well as
storm water. This is the oldest form of House Drain and no longer permitted.

 Sanitary Drain
a type of house drain that receives the discharge of sanitary and domestic
wastes only. The waste is conveyed to a septic tank or public sewer.

 Storm Drain
it conveys all storm clear water, or surface water waste except sanitary
wastes. It terminates into lakes, river or natural basins.

 Industrial Drain
a house drain that receives discharges from industrial equipment that contain
some objectionable acid wastes. Industrial wastes that contains acid waste
terminates into a separate drainage basin.
FIXTURE UNITS
VALUES
Kind of Fixture Fixture Unit
Bathtub 2
Floor Drain 1
Kitchen Sink 2
Residential Sink 1.5
Lavatory or Wash Basin 1
Laundry Tub 2
Shower Bath 2
Slop Sink 3
Sink, Hotel or Public 2
Urinal 5
Water Closet 6
Combination Fixture 3
For every 15 square foot roof drain 1
One bathroom consisting of 1 water closet, lavatory, 8
bathtub and overhead shower or water closet, lavatory
and shower compartment
MINIMUM SIZE OF UNDERGROUND DRAINAGE PIPING
 Inch Mm
1-1/4 32
1-1/2 40
_Table 7-3 2 51
2-1/2 65
Drainage Fixture Unit Values (DFU) 3 80

Min. Size
Trap and
Plumbing Appliance, Appurtenance, or Fixture Trap Arm7 Private Public Assembly8

Bathtub or Combination Bath/Shower 1-1/2" 2.0 2.0

Bidet 1-1/4" 1.0

Bidet 1-1/2” 2.0

Clothes Washer, domestic, standpipe5 2" 3.0 3.0 3.0

Dental Unit, cuspidor 1-1/4" 1.0 1.0

Dishwasher, domestic, with independent drain2 1-1/2" 2.0 2.0 2.0

Drinking Fountain or Water Cooler 1-1/4" 0.5 0.5 1.0

Food-Waste-Grinder, commercial 2" 3.0 3.0

Floor Drain, emergency 2" 0.0 0.0

Floor Drain (for additional sizes see Section 702) 2" 2.0 2.0 2.0
2” 2.0 2.0 2.0
Shower, single-head trap
2" 1.0 1.0 1.0
Multi-head, each additional
1-1/4" 1.0 1.0 1.0
Lavatory, single
1-1/2" 2.0 2.0 2.0
Lavatory, in sets of two or three
1-1/2" 2.0 2.0
Washfountain
2" 3.0 3.0
Washfountain

Mobile Home, trap 3" 12.0

Receptor, indirect waste1,3 1-1/2" See footnote1,3

Receptor, indirect waste1,4 2" See footnote1,4

Receptor, indirect waste1 3" See footnote1

 Inch Mm
1-1/4 32
1-1/2 40
_Table 7-3 2 51
2-1/2 65
Drainage Fixture Unit Values (DFU) 3 80
Min. Size
Trap and
Plumbing Appliance, Appurtenance, or Fixture Trap Arm7 Private Public Assembly8

Sinks

Bar 1-1/2" 1.0

Bar2 1-1/2" 2.0 2.0

Clinical 3" 6.0 6.0

Commercial with food waste2 1­1/2" 3.0 3.0

Special Purpose2 1­1/2" 2.0 3.0 3.0

Special Purpose. 2" 3.0 4.0 4.0

Special Purpose 3" 6.0 6.0

Kitchen, domestic 2
1-1/2" 2.0 2.0

(with or without food-waste grinder and/or dishwasher)

Laundry2 1­1/2" 2.0 2.0 2.0

(with or without discharge from a clothes washer)

Kitchen, domestic2 1-1/2" 2.0 2.0

Service or Mop Basin 2" 3.0 3.0

Service or Mop Basin 3" 3.0 3.0

Service, flushing rim 3" 6.0 6.0

Wash, each set of faucets 2.0 2.0

Urinal, integral trap 1.0 GPF2 2" 2.0 2.0 5.0

Urinal, exposed trap2 1-1/2" 2.0 2.0 5.0

Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank6 . 3" 3.0 4.0 6.0

Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Tank 6

3" 3.0 4.0 6.0

Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve 6

3" 3.0 4.0 6.0

Water Closet, greater than 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank 6

3" 4.0 6.0 8.0

Water Closet, greater than 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve 6

3" 4.0 6.0 8.0
Size of Drainage Piping

 The minimum sizes of vertical and/or horizontal drainage piping

shall be determined from the total of fixture units connected
thereto, and additionally, in the case of vertical drainage pipes, in
accordance with their length.

 Table shows the maximum number of fixture units allowed on any

vertical or horizontal drainage pipe, building drain, or building
sewer of a given size; the maximum number of fixture units allowed
on any branch interval of a given size; and the maximum length (in
feet and meters) of any vertical drainage pipe of a given size.
DETERMINING THE SIZE OF HOUSE
DRAIN

 Ifthe purpose is for sanitary waste, the Fixture Unit

load discharges will be the basis of computation.

 If the purpose is for storm drain, the roof area that

accumulate the major rainfall water will be the basis
in determining the size of the pipe
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
 Determine the size of sanitary house drain to serve 6 water
closet, 5 urinals, 5 shower bath, 6 wash basins, 4 floor drains
and 3 combined fixtures.

Size of Sanitary Drains

Pipe Diameter Max No. of Fixture units that maybe connected to
mm 2% slope 3% slope 4% slope

75 18 18 21

100 84 96 114

125 162 216 264

SOLUTION:
 The house drain is to serve sanitary waste. Thus, compute
fixture units as follows:
6 x 6 water closets = 36 units
5 x 5 urinals = 25 units
2 x 5 shower bath = 10 units
1 x 6 wash basin = 6 units
1 x 4 floor drain = 4 units
3 x 3 combined fixture = 9 units
TOTAL 90 Fixture Units

 From the Table, under column 2% slope, a 100mm pipe could

serve 96 fixture units.

 For a 90 fixture units, specify a 100 mm diameter house drain

pipe.
GRADE OR SLOPE OF THE HOUSE
DRAIN
 The grade or slope of house drain could be estimated by
dividing the total pitch in centimeter by the length of the
longest branch in meter.

Example:

If the longest branch of a house drain is 8 meters, and the total

drop is 16 centimeters, dividing 16 by 8 meters the value is
2%.
HOUSE DRAIN APPLIANCES
 Area Drain consist of a running trap installed under the
basement floor to protect it from freezing.

 Floor Drain is a receptacle used to receive water to be drained

from the floor into the plumbing system.

 Yard Catch basin is a receptacle used to catch surface water

drained from cemented courts, driveways and yards.

 Garage Catch Basin is a device designed to convey wastes from

garage, wash rack, grease pits and repair floors into the house
drain.

 Grease Basin is a device used in kitchens serving hotels, dining

rooms, clubhouse and restaurants.
HOUSE DRAIN APPLIANCES
 House Trap
is a device installed in the house drain immediately
inside the foundation wall of the building.

 Back Flow valve

is a device used in a drainage system to prevent the
reversal of flow. These are constructed in two patterns and
are classified as:

The Balance Valve is the most preferred type because it

has the characteristics of non-interferences in the movement of
air inside the drainage system.
The Unbalanced Valve is not the preferred type because of
its poor performance.
HOUSE SEWER
 House sewer is that portion of the horizontal drainage system,
which starts from the outer face of the building and terminate
at the main sewer in the street or septic tank.

 This is also known as BUILDING SEWER.

 The efficiency of a drainage installation depends upon the

performance of the house sewer, and efficiency would increase
by making good connection at the main.
HOUSE SEWER CONNECTION TO MAIN SEWER

 House sewer is connected to the main sewer by boring a small

hole through the concrete pipe, using a sharpened steel chisel or
electric drill.

 The house sewer pipe is connected to the Main Sewer entering

at 45 degrees angle or directly from the top.
THE STORM DRAIN

 Stormdrain is that unit of the plumbing system that

conveys rain or storm water to a suitable terminal.

 Storm drain is not permitted to discharge into a septic

tank.
SPLASH PAN

The Splash Pan is a collector of water coming down from the

downspout leading the accumulated water away from the house at a
relatively low rate of flow.

CLASSIFICATION

The Inside Storm Drain – is sometimes located under the basement floor
or within the walls of the buildings.

Outside storm Drain – is installed outside the foundation wall of the

building.

Overhead Storm Drain – is adopted when the street drainage is higher in

elevation than the basement floor of the building
 Inside Storm Drain

Outside Storm Drain

Basement
Overhead Storm Drain
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN SIZING A STORM
DRAIN
 Amount of Rainfall in a given period

 Roof areas, slope, distance of water traveled before reaching

downspout

 Large drainage pipe for a high pitched roof than a flat roof

 Height of the building

 Proper installation of pipe fittings

SIZE OF STORM DRAIN
Diameter Maximum Drained Roof Area
mm 2% slope 3% slope 4% slope
75 114 142 170
100 242 315 388
125 438 566 694
150 700 903 1105
200 1463 1888 2313
250 2563 3309 4055
300 4100 5290 6480
350 5576 7203 8830

Note: Estimated Maximum Rainfall = 20mm / 5 min interval

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
What size of storm drain is adequate to serve a roof having a
slope of 2% with a general dimensions of 20m x 30m?

Solution:
1. Area = 20m x 30m = 600 sq.m
2. Under 2% slope, 600 sq.m is under the 700 m2 roof
area
which could be served effectively by 150mm pipe
diameter.
SLOPE AND CHANGE IN DIRECTION

• Storm Drain is installed providing a slope of not

more than 2% per meter run.

• Wye, 1/8 bend, long radius are appropriate

fittings
ROOF LEADER
 Popularly known as water conductor or downspout

Size of a Roof Gutter & Roof Leader

Roof Area, m2 Gutter Top Dimension, (mm) Roof Leader Dia.

(mm)
1-10 75 38
11-25 100 50
26-75 100 75
76-165 125 90
166-335 150 100
336-510 200 125
511-900 250 150
ISOMETRIC DWG OF A TWO-BATH HOUSE
ISOMETRIC DWG OF A ONE-BATH HOUSE
 Soil stack

Fixture drain

Building drain
For fixtures, equipment, or appliances with an intermittent flow and an
indirect connection to drainage system (drinking fountains, coolers,
dispensers, ice making machine, coffee urns)

For coffee urns, uses ½” – ¾” drain; smaller than the allowed; use a 1-
1/4” drain or trap size , consider value of 1 FU
CONTINUOUS & INTERMITTENT FLOW DEVICES

• PUMPS
• SUMP EJECTORS
• AIRCON EQUIPMENT

Code allows 2 FU per gal per min of continuous flow to drainage system
Manufacturers provide flow rate information