Earth and Space

Exploration

Space Weather

KYS
2021
Activities of the Sun that Affect
Earth

The Sun

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 Structure of the sun
Convection

Inner structure
zone
• Core - Thermonuclear reaction (nuclear
fusion) occur
• Radiation Zone – Energy radiates from
the core to the Convection Zone
Core Radiation
zone
• Convection zone – Circulation
(convection) of gas occurs.

Outer Structure
(Atmosphere)
• Photosphere – Inner most layer of Sun’s
atmosphere, Gives out light energy
• Chromosphere – Reddish in colour.
• Corona –Hottest region of Sun’s
atmosphere
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 Sun Spot

Phenomena on the surface of

The Sun
Granules
Granule
– Grainy structure on the surface of the Sun.
– Located at upper part of convection zone.

Sunspots
- Dark regions at the surface of the Sun
- Low temperature compared to the surrounding.
- Cause by large eruption at photosphere.

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Phenomena on the surface of
The Sun

Solar cycle
Regular patterns due to the appearance and
disappearance on sunspots
Complete cycle is about 11 years.
No of Sunspots
Sunspots Max

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Sunspots Min
11y 11y 11y 11y 11y
Years
Phenomena on the surface of The Sun

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Phenomena on the surface of
The Sun

Prominence
Huge loop or arched column of glowing gases
over the sunspots

Its appear loop due to the pull from the gravity

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Phenomena on the surface of
The Sun

Solar Flares
Column of large amount of charged gases erupts
near the sunspots

Carries dangerous UV and Xrays

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Phenomena on the surface of
The Sun

Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)

Huge cloud of plasma.
Bring along the rays such as Ultra violet and X ray

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Phenomena on the surface of
The Sun

Solar winds
Continuous stream of plasma particles
Travel at supersonic speed.
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Contains protons, electrons alpha ray.
Earth magnetosphere and the
importance
Occur when the solar wind
reacts with earth magnetic
field.
Importance:
• Biological shield to protects
from solar wind:
• Charged particles
• Adverse pressure

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Geomagnetic storm

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 The Effects of Space Weather on Earth
Formation of aurora
Navigation
System

Telecommunication

Electric Power lines

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THANK YOU!

May Allah grants and

bless your knowledge

Lets take care of the

Earth together!
Short sharing

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