DIMENSION OF DEVELOPMENT:

HEALTH AWARENESS
PRESENTED BY: PERLA
BATOON
Objectives
Name some common communicable and non-communicable diseases
01

02 Identify the causes and symptoms of these diseases

03 Enumerate and follow the preventive measures for these diseases

COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
 DENGUE
• A febrile disease caused by one of four
closely related virus serotypes of the
genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae.
• Also called as breakbone fever or
bonecrasher disease.
• It is transmitted to humans by the
Aedes aegypti mosquitos that are found
in the tropics.
• They tend to bite just after dawn and
just before sunset.
Signs and Symptoms of Mild Dengue

• High fever
• Severe headache
• Pain behind the eyes
• Muscle and joint pain
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Rash
Signs and Symptoms of Severe Dengue
• Severe abdominal pain
• Persistent vomiting
• Rapid breathing
• Bleeding gums or nose
• Fatigue
• Restlessness
• Pale and cold skin
• Feeling weak
Prevention of Dengue
01 Use mosquito nets and insect repellent
02
02 Put screens on doors and windows

Refrain from going outdoors during the time of the day when
03
mosquitos are most active 04
Remove stagnant water, Cover water containers and change water in
04
flower vases frequently
 MALARIA
• A vector-borne infectious disease that is
widespread in tropical and subtropical
region
• One of the most common infectious
diseases and enormous public-health
problems
• They are transmitted by female
Anopheles mosquitoes
Signs and Symptoms of Malaria

• Anemia
• High fever
• Chills
• Nausea
• Headache
• Diarrhea
IN SEVERE CASES OF MALARIA

• Coma
• Death
Prevention of Malaria
01
Avoiding mosquito bites through the use of
mosquito nets and insect repellent 02
02 Spraying insecticides
Draining standing water where mosquito lay their eggs
03
04
Drugs must be taken continuosly to reduce the risk of infection
04
 CHOLERA
• An acute intestinal infection
• It has a short incubation period
lasting from less than one day to five
days
Signs and Symptoms of Cholera

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fever
• Muscle clamps
 Prevention of Cholera
•
•
Wash hands with soap and water frequently and throughly 02
Drink safe water only
• Eat food that is completely cooked
• Avoid raw food, street food, and any food from suspicious sources
• Observe proper hygiene and sanitation at all times
AVIAN INFLUENZA/BIRD FLU
• An infection caused by avian influenza A
viruses found chiefly in birds, but
infections can occur in humans
• The risk of it is generally low to most
people because it do not usually infect
humans
• This infection could have resulted from
direct contact with infected poultry or
contaminated surfaces.
Signs and Symptoms of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

• Fever
• Cough
• Sore Throat
• Muscle Aches
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
 Prevention of Avian Infection (Bird Flu)

• Wash hands or use-alcohol-based hand sanitizer to avoid infection of all

kinds 02
• Stay away from farms and live animal markets
• Cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
• Cook chicken throughly.Do not eat raw eggs.
• Avoid cross-contamination. Do not use the same utensils for both raw meat
and other kinds of foods
 H1N1
• Also known as the swine flu
• Called as “quadruple reassortant”
• Passes from person to person just like
other flu strains
• It cause more severe symptoms in
people younger than 25 years than 25
years of age while people over 60 years
old have some immunity against it
 H1N1
• A subtype of the influenza A virus and is
the most common form that infects
people
• Endemic in the human population and
cause periodic flu outbreaks
• This virus was responsible for the 1918
flu pandemic.
 Important Facts about Swine Flu
• Swine flu is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses that infect the

02
respiratory tract of pigs and result in nasal secretions, barking cough, decreased
appetite, and listless behavior.
• Swine flu viruses may mutate (change), so that they are easily transmissible among
humans.
• The 2009 swine flu outbreak was due to the H1N1 virus and was first observed in
Mexico.
• Two antiviral agents, zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu), have been
reported to help prevent or reduce the effects of swine flu if taken within 48 hours at
the onset of symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms of H1N1 ( Swine Flu)
• Fever
• Cough
• Sore Throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Body aches
• Headache
• Chills
• Fatigue
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
Prevention of H1N1 (Swine Flu)
02
• The best way to avoid influenza infections is through vaccination.
The Common side effects of H1N1 (Swine Flu)

02
• Flu shot: Soreness, Redness, Minor swelling at the shot site,
Muscle aches, Low-grade fever, and Nausea.
• Nasal spray: Runny nose, Low-grade fever, Vomiting, Headache,
Wheezing, Cough, and Sore throat.
 TYPHOID FEVER
• An acute illness most often caused by
the Salmonella typhi bacteria or the
Salmonella paratyphi
• Common worldwide and has received
various names such as gastric fever,
abdominal typhus, infantile remittent
fever, slow fever, nervous fever, or
pythogenic fever.
Signs and Symptoms of Typhoid Fever

• Sustained high fever

• Chest congestion
• Abdominal pain
• Discomfort
Signs and Symptoms of Typhoid Fever

• Poor appetite
• Headache
• Body aches
• Lethargy
 Prevention of Typhoid Fever

• Drink safe water only

• Improving sanitation
• Eating well-cooked food while it is still hot
• Washing the hands often and keeping the surroundings clean will help stop
the spread of infection
 Treatment of Typhoid Fever

02
• Two vaccine, one injected and the other given
orally.
• Treated with antibiotics that kill the
salmonella bacteria.
NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
 HYPERTENSION

• Refers to the force everted by the

circulating blood on the walls of
blood vessels
• One of the body’s vital signs
• Generally refers to arterial
pressure
• Normal Blood Pressure
•
•
02
Blood pressure reading 120/80 or lower is considered normal
High Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure reading 140/90 or higher is considered high
• Low Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure that is too low is known as hypotension
Signs and Symptoms of Hypertension

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Pounding in ears
• Nosebleed
 Prevention of Hypertension

• Quit smoking 02
• Limit the intake of alcoholic beverages
• Lose weight if you are overweight
• Exercise and eat well-balanced, nutritious meals that are low in
fat, salt, and cholesterol but high in fiber
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

• High blood pressure increases the risk

of coronary artery disease, also called
atherosclerosis
Other causes of Cardiovascular Disease
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Overweight 02
• Diet high in saturated fat and salt
• Family history
• Lack of exercise
• Age
• Too much drinking
• High blood pressure
• Having high cholesterol level
• HEART ATTACKS
• Causes permanent damage to the heart
muscle due to loss of blood flow to the
heart
• Involve discomfort in the center of the
chest that lasts more than a few
minutes or that goes away and comes
back
Signs and Symptoms of Heart Attacks
• Uncomfortable pressure
• Squeezing
• Fullness
• Pain
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea
• Lightheadedness
 2. STROKE
• Occur when something blocks blood
supply to part of the brain or when a
blood vessels in the brain bursts
 Signs and Symptoms of Stroke

• Sudden numbness
• Weakness of the face, arm, or legs, especially on one
side of the body
• Confusion
• Trouble of speaking
• Poor vision
• Sudden severe headache
 Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
• Quit smoking
• Control diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol level
• Exercise regularly
• Eat a diet that is rich in fiber and low in salt and saturated fat
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Manage stress
 DIABETES
• Describes a group of metabolic diseases in
which the person has high blood glucose or
blood sugar, either because insulin
production is inadequate, or the cells in
his/her body do not respond properly to
insulin, or both
• A classed as a metabolism disorder
• METABOLISM refers to the way the body uses digested food for
energy and growth

• GLUCOSE is a form of sugar in the blood

• INSULIN is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas

TWO TYPES OF
DIABETES
Type 1 Diabetes
• Also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes, juvenile diabetes,
or early-onset diabetes
• People usually develop type 1 diabetes before their 40th year,
often a early adulthood or teenage years
• Nowhere near as common as type 2 diabetes
• Approximately 10 percent of all diabetes cases are type 1
• Patients with type 1 diabetes will need to take insulin injections
for the rest of their life
Type 2 Diabetes
• The body does not produce enough insulin for proper function, or cells in the body do
not react properly to insulin (insulin resistance)
• Approximately 90 percent of an cases of diabetes worldwide are of this type
• Typically a progressive disease
• Overnight and obese people have a much higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes
compared to those with a healthy body weight
• The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases with age
• Those with a close relative who has type 2 diabetes and those of Middle Eastern,
African, and South Asian descents are at a higher risk of developing the disease,
including men whose testosterone levels are low
 CANCER
• A class of diseases characterized by out of
control cell growth
• Ultimately the result of cells that grow
uncontrollably and do not die
• Harms the body when damaged cells divide
uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of
tissue called tumors
TUMORS
• Can grow and interfere with the digestive, nervous, and
circulatory systems and they can release hormones that alter body
functions
• When a tumor successfully spread to other parts of the body and
grows, invading and destroying other healthy tissues, it is said to
have metastasized
MORE DANGEROUS OR MALIGNANT TUMORS
FORM WHEN TWO THINGS OCCUR:
02
• A cancerous cell manages to move throughout the ody using the blood or
lymph systems, destroying healthy tissue in a process called invasion
• A cancerous cell manages to divide and grow, making new blood vessels to
feed itself in a process called angiogenesis
 CLASSIFICATION OF CANCER
There are five broad groups of Cancer
• Carcinomas are characterized by cells that cover internal and external parts of the body
such as lungs, breast, and colon. 02
• Sarcomas are characterized by cells that are located in the bone, cartilage, fat,
connective tissue, muscle, and other supportive tissues.
• Lymphomas are cancers that begin in the lymph nodes and immune system tissues.
• Leukemias are cancers that begin in the bone marrow and often accumulate in the
bloodstream.
• Adenomas are cancers that arise in the thyroid, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and
other glandular tissues.
Signs and Symptoms of Cancer

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Excessive sweating
• Anemia
• Unexplained weight loss
 Prevention of Cancer
• Quit smoking and drinking to significantly lower the risk of several types of cancer,
most notably in the lung, throat, mouth, and liver. The earlier you quit, the better.
• Stay in the shade and protect yourself with a hat, shirt, and sunscreen when under th
sun, to prevent skin cancer.
• Diet is an important part of cancer prevention since what we eat has been linked to
the disease. Follow recommended diets that are low in fat and rich in fresh fruits
and vegetables and whole grains.
 QUIZ:
1. A febrile disease called
2. One of the most common infectious diseases
3. This virus was responsible for the 1918 flu pandemic 02
4. One of the body’s vital signs
5-7. Give at least three causes of Cardiovascular Disease
8. Involve discomfort in the center of the chest that lasts more than a few
minutes
9. Refers to the way the body uses digested food for energy and growth
10. A form of sugar in the blood called