ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN

AND STRENGTH DESIGN FOR

SHEAR
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.4 Permissible Service load Stresses

424.4.1 Stresses shall not exceed the following:
1. Flexure:
Extreme fiber stress in compression ……. 0.45 f’c

2. Shear:
 Beams and one-way slabs and footings:
Shear carried by concrete, ʋc ......................... 0.38
Maximum shear carried by concrete
plus shear reinforcement, ʋc .......................... 0.38
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

Joists:
Shear carried by concrete, ʋc ……………….. 0.09
Two-way slabs and footings:
Shear carried by concrete, ʋc …………
But not greater than
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8 SHEAR
424.8.1 Design of shear stress ʋ shall be compute by

Eq. 11 - 1
𝑽
ʋ=
𝒃𝝎 𝒅

where V is design shear force at section

considered.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.2 When the reaction, in direction of

applied shear, introduces compression into the
end regions of a member, sections located less than
a distance d from face of support shall be
permitted to be designed for the same shear as that
computed.at a distance d.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.4 SHEAR STRESS CARRIED BY CONCRETE

424.8.4.1 For members subject to shear and flexure only,

shear stress carried by concrete ʋc shall not exceed 0.09
unless a more detailed calculation is made in accordance to
Section 424.7.4.4

424.8.4.2 For members subject to axial compression,

shear stress carried by concrete ʋc shall not exceed 0.09
unless a more detailed calculation is made in accordance
with 424.7.4.5.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.4.3 For members subject to significant axial tension,

shear reinforcement shall be designed to carry total shear, unless
a more detailed calculation is made using

where N is negative for tension. Quantity N/Ag shall be

expressed in MPa.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.4.4 For members subject to shear and flexure only, it

shall be permitted to compute ʋc by

but ʋc shall not exceed 0.14 Quantity Vd/M shall not be taken
greater than 1.0, where M is design moment occurring
simultaneously with V at section considered.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.4.5 For members subject to axial compression, it shall be

permitted to compute ʋc by

Quantity N/Ag shall be expressed in MPa.

 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.4.6 Shear stresses carried by concrete v, apply to normal

weight concrete. When lightweight aggregate concrete is used,
one of the following modifications shall apply:

1. When fct is specified and concrete is proportioned in

accordance with Section 405.3, fcr /6.7 shall be substituted for
but the value of fcr /6.7 shall not exceed .

2. 2. When fa is not specified, the value of ff: shall be multiplied

by 0.75 for "all-lightweight" concrete and by 0.85 for "sand-
lightweight" concrete. Linear interpolation shall be permitted
when partial sand replacement is used,
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.4.7 In determining shear stress carried by concrete

ʋc whenever applicable, effects of axial tension due to creep
and shrinkage in restrained members shall be included and
it shall be permitted to include effects of inclined flexural
compression in variable-depth members.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.5 SHEAR STRESS CARRIED BY SHEAR

REINFORCEMENT
424.8.5.1 Types of shear reinforcement
Shear reinforcement shall consist of one of the following:
1. Stirrups perpendicular to axis of member;
2. 2. Welded wire fabric with wires located perpendicular to axis of
member making an angle of 45 degrees or more with longitudinal
tension reinforcement;
3. 3. Longitudinal reinforcement with bent portion making an angle
of 30 degrees or more with longitudinal tension reinforcement;
4. 4. Combinations of stirrups and bent longitudinal reinforcement;
5. 5. Spirals.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.5.2 Design yield strength of shear reinforcement

shall not exceed 415 MPa.

424.8.5.3 Stirrups and other bars or wires used as shear

reinforcement shall extend to a distance d from extreme
compression fiber and shall be anchored at both ends
according, to Section 412.14 of this Chapter to' develop
design yield strength of reinforcement.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.5.4 SPACING LIMITS FOR SHEAR

REINFORCEMENT
424.8.5.4.1 Spacing of shear reinforcement placed
perpendicular to axis of member shall not exceed d/2, nor 600
mm.
421.8.5.4.2 Inclined stirrups and bent longitudinal
reinforcement shall be so spaced that every 45-degree line,
extending toward the reaction from middepth of member (d/2)
to longitudinal tension reinforcement, shall be crossed by at least
one line of shear reinforcement.
424.8.5.4.3 When (ʋ - ʋc) exceeds maximum spacing given in
Sections 424.7.5.4.1 and 424.7.5.4.2 shall be reduced by one-half.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.5.5 MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

424.8.5.5.1 A minimum area of shear reinforcement shall be
provided in all reinforced concrete flexural members where
design shear stress ʋ is greater than one-half the permissible
shear stress ʋc carried by concrete, except:
1. Slabs and footings;
2. Concrete joist construction defined by Section 408.12 of
this Chapter;
3. Beam with total depth .not greater than 250 mm, 2.5 times
thickness of flange, or one-half the width of web, whichever is
greatest.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.5.5.2 Minimum shear reinforcement requirements of

Section 424.8.5.5.1 shall be permitted to be waived if shown by
test that required ultimate flexural and shear strength can be
developed when shear reinforcement is omitted.
424.8.5.5.3 Where shear reinforcement is required by Section
424.8.5.5.1 or by analysis, minimum area of shear reinforcement
shall be computed by

where and s are in mm.

 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.5.6 DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

424.8.5.6.1 Where design shear stress ʋ exceeds shear stress

carried by concrete ʋc, shear reinforcement shall be provided in
accordance with Sections 424.8.5.6.2 through 424.8.5.6.8

424.8.5.6.2 When shear reinforcement perpendicular to axis of

member is used:
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.5.6.3 When inclined stirrups are used as shear

reinforcement,

424.8.5.6.4 When shear reinforcement consists of a single bar

or a single group of parallel bus, all bent up at the same distance
from the support,

where (ʋ - ʋc) shall not exceed .

 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.5.6.5 When shear reinforcement consists of a series of

parallel bentup bars or groups of parallel bent-up bars at
different distances from the support, required area shall be
computed by Eq. 2- 1 .
424.8.5.6.6 Only the center three-quarters of the inclined
portion of any longitudinal bent bar shall be considered effective
for shear reinforcement.
424.8.5.6.7 When more than one type of shear reinforcement is
used to reinforce the same portion of a member, required area
shall be computed as the sum of the various types separately. In
such computations, ʋc shall be included only once.
424.8.5.6.8 Value of (ʋ - ʋc) shall not exceed .
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.6 SHEAR FRICTION

Where it is appropriate to consider shear transfer across a given
plane, such as an existing or potential crack, an interface between
dissimilar materials, or an interface between two concretes cast
at different times, shear-friction provisions of Section 411.8 of
this Chapter shall be permitted to be applied, with limiting
maximum stress for shear taken as 55 percent of that given in
Section 411.8.5. Permissible stress in shear-friction
reinforcement shall be that given in Section 424.4.2.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.7 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SLABS AND

FOOTINGS

424.8.7.1 Shear capacity of slabs and footings in the vicinity of

concentrated loads or reactions is governed by the more severe of
two conditions:

424.8.7.1.1 Beam action for slab or footing, with a critical

section extending in a plane across the entire width and located
at a distance d from face of concentrated load or reaction area.
For this condition, the slab or footing shall be designed in
accordance with Sections 424.8.1 through 424.8.5.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.7.1.2 Two-way action for slab or footing, with a critical

section perpendicular to plane of slab and located so that its
perimeter · is a minimum, but need not approach closer than d/2
to perimeter of concentrated load, or reaction area. For this
condition, the slab or footing shall be designed in accordance
with Sections 424.8.7.2 and 424.8.7.3.

424.8.7.2 Design shear stress ʋ shall be computed by

where V and bo shall be taken at the critical section defined in

Section 424.8.7.1.2.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.7.3 Design shear stress ʋ shall not exceed ʋc given by Eq.

2- 4 unless shear reinforcement is provided

but ʋc shall not exceed Bc is the ratio of long side to short side of
concentrated load or reaction area. When lightweight aggregate
concrete is · used, the modifications of Section 424.8.4.6 shall
apply.
 Allowable Stress Design for Shear

424.8.7.4 If shear reinforcement consisting of bars or wires is

provided in accordance with Section 411.13.3 of this Chapter, ʋc
shall not exceed and ʋ shall not exceed 0.25.

424.8.7.5 If shear reinforcement consisting of steel 1- or

channel-shaped sections (shearheads) is provided in accordance
with Section 411.13.4 of this Chapter, ʋ on the critical section
defined in Section 424.8.7.1.2 shall not exceed 0.3 and ʋ on the
critical section defined in Section 411.13.4.7 shall not exceed In
Equations (411-39} and, (411-40), design shear force V shall be
multiplied by 2 and substituted for Vh .
 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

DESIGN YIELD STRENGTH

OF STIRRUPS
According the Section 5.11.5.2.
the design yield strength of
shear reinforcement shall not
exceed 415 MPa. Stirrups and
other bars or wires used as shear
reinforcement shall extend to a
distance d from extreme
compression fiber and shall be
anchored at both ends to
develop the design yield
strength of reinforcement.
 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

SPACING UMITS OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT, s

According to Section 5.11.5.4 of the Code, the spacings of shear
reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of members shall not
exceed d/2 in nonprestressed members and (3/4)h in prestressed
members, nor 600 mm. Inclined stirrups and bent longitudinal
reinforcement shall be so spaced that every 45° line, extending
toward the reaction from middepth of member d/2 to
longitudinal tension reinforcement, shall be crossed by at least
one line of shear reinforcement.
When V, exceed bwd maximum spacing given by the above limits
shall be reduced by one-half.
 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

According to Section 5.11.5.5 of the Code, a minimum area of
shear reinforcement shall be provided in all reinforced concrete
flexural members (prestressed and nonprestressed) where
factored shear force Vu exceeds one-half the shear strength
provided by concrete ϕVc, except:
(a) Slabs and footings
(b) Concrete joist construction defined by Sec. 5.8.11
(c) Beams with total depth not greater than 250 mm, 2-1/2 times
thickness of flange, or 1/2 the width of web, whichever is
greatest.
 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

This minimum shear reinforcement requirement may not be

required if shown by test that required nominal flexural and
shear strengths can be developed when shear reinforcement is
omitted. Such tests shall simulate effects of different settlement,
creep, shrinkage, and temperature change, based on a realistic
assessment of such effects occurring in serv1ce.

Where shear reinforcement is required, the minimum area of

shear reinforcement shall be computed by.

where bw and s are in millimeters.

 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

CRITICAL SECTION FOR _BEAM SHEAR

According to section 5.11.1.3 of NSCP, the maximum factored
shear force Vu at supports may be computed in accordance with
the following conditions provided that:

(a) the support reaction, in direction of the applied shear,

introduces compression into the end regions of member, and

(b) no concentrated load occurs between the face of the support

and the location of the critical section.
 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

1. For non-prestressed
members, sections located
less than a distanced from
face of support may be
designed for the same
shear Vu as that computed
at a distance d.
 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

2. For prestressed
member, sections located
less than a distance h/2
from face of support may
be designed for the same
shear Vu as that computed
at a distance h/2.
 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

I. Calculate the factored shear force Vu at critical sections or at

any section you want the spacing to be determined.

II. Calculate the shear strength provided by concrete, Vc.

 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

III· Calculate the shear strength v. to be provided by

the stirrup.
 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

IV. Spacing of stirrups:

Maximum spacing, s:
 STRENGTH DESIGN FOR SHEAR

V. If Vu < ϕ Vc but Vu > 1/2 ϕ Vc:

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