Small Cell

1
Nokia internal use
The best Small Cell portfolio for high performance
densification
Outdoor - street level deployments
Strand Mount All-in-One*
 5G SA, CBRS
 4T4R, 42 dBm EIRP
 Integrated DOCSIS & power
360° mmWave coverage
with extension modules
Unique
mmWave
solution
 TCO optimized flexible
deployments
 Main radio unit and 1-2
extension units
 24/26/28/39 Ghz
micro RRH with compact size
 Street site densification
 4G and 5G, FDD/TDD
 Up to 200 MHz oBW
 Integrated antenna option
Comprehensive portfolio for all Small Cell use cases
mmWave or
RRHMicro RRH
Street sites
In-building deployments
AirScale Indoor Radio (ASiR) Indoor All-in-Ones DAS Drivers
CPRI Digital Donor (CDD)
pRRH Smart Hub
Cell Boosters
 Smart node 4G+ 5G, multi-  Powering Active and
 Easy to deploy, scalable ASiR Passive DAS
band
 Wide range of compact pRRH  Digital connectivity to
 5G AiO single band*
 4G and 5G, multi-band Active DAS
 Low Cost, flexible, self-Install
 Support hybrid fiber cable • 4G and 5G
 All-in-One Radio
(data/power)
AirScale baseband
AirScale pRRH or mmWave
Micro RRH Compact BBU ASOE/ASOF*
for high ceilings
 For base and medium capacity
 Compact 7-liter unit, 4G/5G support
 Versatile Small Cell deployments
AirScale System Module
 High-capacity modular BB for all RATs
 Efficient deployment of macro and small cell
Smart Node enterprise BB processing in the same unit
Inbuilding
Femtocell Solution
 Indoor Network Drivers & Market Segments need to be
considered Public Spaces Private Spaces
Indoor (CSPs operated) (Private Owned – CSP/Enterprise)
Network Drivers
• Deep indoor coverage from outdoor
Time-to- Macro sites not reliable with new 5G
market mid and high bands
• Many countries are opening spectrum
Reliability for private wireless use- Fast
Museum City Hall Factor
introduction of frequency variants
Hom
Control e y required
Library Offic • Enterprise are more aware of the
Cost e benefits of using Cellular vs. traditional
Wi-Fi
Ease of Depl. • New use cases emerging that require
better QoS compared to Wi-Fi
Security • Public cloud providers are more actively
Sports Arena Universit seeking to partner with Private
Latency y Enterprises & CSPs
Shopping Mall Concert Hall Hospital
• Ability to scale capacity from very small
Warehouse
Coverage (single cell) to large coverage area- pay
Requires support for multi-operator as you grow
environment and vendor agnostic to ensure Requires high availability, security with low
Capacity latency network to support key use-cases of
• Ease of deployment and operation-
that all end-users receive the same quality of Plug-n-Play, remote troubleshooting
service critical-care & Industry4.0. Served by private
Mobility networks (aka NPN, non-public networks)
and monitoring required
Recent Femto use-case discussions
Femtocells
PortfolioSOHO Enterprise Residential

Multi-standard SOHO Smart Node Family Multi-Standard residential LTE residential

 4G dual-band  16 users
 4G dual-band
 8+8 users  50mW
 32+32 users
 50mW  VoLTE, coverage
 125mW
 CAT-M, NB-IOT and data offload
 CAT-M, NB-IoT,
 VoLTE, coverage
 VoLTE, coverage  4G + 5G NSA, SA and data offload
and data offload  64 LTE +32 NR
users
 125mW-250mW
 CAT-M, NB-IoT
 4G/4G + 5G/5G SA
deployment options

Virtual Femtocell Gateway Cloud-based femtocell management (cOAM)

 SW only delivery  Cloud-native network functions CNF for centralized deployment
 AiO for easy and cost-effective gateway  Scalable to support >1M access point, 4G and 5G Smart Nodes
 Flexible: suits small and large deployments  Simplified provisioning and Geo-redundant
 Flexible mount options
Smart Node All-in-One 4G / 5G
Shape individual customer experiences

5G module Removable top cover 4G module Connector Desk stand

Ceiling mount

Wall mount

Desktop mount
10 © 2023
Nokia
Cloud evolution enables easy
scaling
Solution overview OAM
evolution

OAM
Evolution to native Cloud OAM
Seamless macro cloud OAM with 5G
handover Modular, Host vNE or cNE’s
5G support Suitable for 0-2M FAPS
CNF

Security Femto c c
Air interface
IPsec tunnel Gateway Gateway H F
D C
M M
Container as a Service (CaaS)*
Mobile devices 4G Femtocell
4G/5G Smart Bare metal
Node

Mandatory, Nokia supplied Mobile Core

Network
Mandatory, Operator choice
Certificate AAA NT
Optional, Nokia/operator supplied manager
P

Cloud OAM layer (cOAM) 5G FAP and gateway management Security layer (vSeGW+vAAA)
 Cloud native FCAPs support  Supports management of the new 5G/4G  AP IPsec tunnels of Operators’ choice.
 Management of TR-069 devices Smart Nodes  NCM PKI secure identity (digital certificates)
 Easy north bound OSS integration  Continued support for legacy 4G only access for device authentication.
 Orchestration of pre-provisioning and points  Optional AAA server for authorization of
activation workflows.  Integrated 4G Femto gateway management access (must be NOKIA if Nokia 775x SeGW).

FAP = Femtocell access point, i..e

CPE
AirScale Indoor
Radio (ASiR)

13 © 2023 Confidential
Nokia
AirScale Indoor: Unique and Architecture
flexible
Designed with 5G evolution in mind
Baseband sees sHUB and pRRH as a 4T4R radio unit

Same feature set and SW, same macro BBU and O&M (NetAct) Simple

evolution to 5G for already deployed 4G

Highly scalable indoor solution from small office to very large enterprise

Standalone or non-standalone architecture Low power consumption (~75W)

enabling PoE
 Single frequency network (SFN) (virtual cell) simplifies planning and
optimization
 Integrated / external antenna options offer flexible deployment

ETH CAT 6 copper or hybrid fiber transport between ShUB and pRRHs

Capability to support neutral hosting solution

Higher order MIMO enhances network performance vs. legacy SISO

5G solution with legacy radio technology support
AirScale Indoor Radio System
(ASiR)
4G+5G Indoor Solution
pRR LAN cabling/
• High capacity with deep indoor H Hybrid
coverage
Fiber
All Radio Technologies
Smart Hub
• 2G, 3G also supported

Optimized TCO
• 100% macro parity, shares AirScale Smart
Baseband Unit with macro Hub
• Single Frequency Network for fast &
easy planning; neighbor cell
Fibe
interference mitigation
r
• Flexible Indoor cabling
AirScale
Baseband
Unit
Designed to minimize indoor 5G Total Cost of
Ownership
5G deployment options with AirScale Indoor Radio

4G Entry 4G and 5G 5G Overlay

Cor Cor Cor

AirScale e e e
Baseband 4G 4G 5G 5G

CPRI
fiber 4G-5G Support
Smart Hub
Fiber or CAT6a cabling Reuse hub and
Power over Ethernet cabling
Pico 4G
Reserved 4G 5G 4G
5G 5G
4G
RRH cable for
5G
5G Stand-alone
4G Stand-alone 5G Non-Stand-alone
5G Non-Stand-alone
+2G ,3G, 5G FDD
4G pRRH HW ready for 5G NR Limited Components 2G/3G/4G DAS or macro to
added to enable provide LTE anchor
(FDD bands, 1800/2100/2600)
5G
AirScale Indoor Radio System – Copper and Fiber
FronthaulCopper Fronthaul Fiber Fronthaul

Core Core

4G+ 5G AirScale BBU 4G+5G AirScale BBU

CPRI / CPRI /
Fiber Fiber CPRI / eCPRI /
Fiber Fiber
ASiR-sHUB (APHA) ASiR-sHUB (APHG)

CPRI over Cat6A

CPRI / Hybrid
Fiber
5G ASiR-pRRH AC
(e.g. n78) adapter
(optional)
4G ASiR-pRRH 4G+5G ASiR-
(FDD bands) pRRH
(e.g.
B1+B3+n78)
High Capacity AirScale Indoor
BBU ABIO capacity card support:
- 5G with hybrid fiber (APHG sHub) (5G21B)
- 5G with Cat6A (APHA sHub) (22R3)
- 4G with hybrid fiber and Cat6A (22R3)
ABIO - Concurrent 4G+5G (23R1)
plug-in
ASIB common card support (SRAN20C,
5G20A) ASIL common card support (22R2)

ASOE support:
Compact
BBU - 5G with hybrid fiber (APHG sHub) (22R3)
- 5G with Cat6A (APHA sHub) (22R4)
- 4G FDD (22R4)
- Concurrent 4G+5G (23R1)
Multi-Operator
Indoor Solution

15 © 2023 Nokia Confidential

Three ways to implement a multi-operator indoor
architecture
ASiR can address all Attenuated RF
scenarios
Each operator runs own network Lead operator Neutral host

BBU BBU Operator A, RFC

BBU
Operator A AirScale shared capacity with Operator A
Shared BBU operator B

BBU RFC
BBU Operator B
Operator B
ASiR
RFC
Shared radio unit
BBU RFC
BBU
ASiR Operator C
Operator C
Shared radio unit
BBU
Operator C

Sweet spot for

No optimization CSPs Active DAS–like, multi-vendor
 Fully digitized RF
 Less equipment (BBU, RU)
 Energy saving
Flexible Multi-Operator Indoor sharing solution
AirScale Indoor Radio (ASiR) Core Core
 AirScale Indoor connects to AirScale Baseband Unit Operator 1 Operator 2
using CPRI via AirScale Indoor Smart Hub
• MOCN supported – 6 operators
RF Sharing:
• MORAN supported with 2 flavors: Guest Operator’s AirScale Baseband (BBU)
eNB/gNB
• MORAN with shared Baseband Unit  LTE and/or 5G shared
4G 5G BBU

 Operators have shared baseband, sHub ASiR - RF Converter (RFC)

and pRRH  Guest operator signal via
ASiR-RFC
• MORAN with RF Converter (RFC) attenuated RF to RFC
 All operators have dedicated baseband, but ASiR-
pRRH and sHub shared HUB
ASiR – Smart Hub (sHub)
 Guest operator’s eNB/gNB) connected  Aggregates upto 12 pRRH,
through RFC 4G &5G in shared hub
Pico RRH 5G 4G+5G
• Dedicated or shared cells can be implemented in 4G ASiR – pico RRH (pRRH)
same ASiR solution  pRRH multiple carriers
shared or per operator
 Multi-Operator
Deployment
Scenario : Lead Operator model
Operator 1+2
Operator 3 Operator 4 Operator 1+2 Operator 3 Operator 4
MORAN/MOCN
MORAN/MOCN Nokia BBU
Tenant Operator BBU Tenant Operator BBU Tenant Operator BBU
Lead / Host Lead / Host
Operator Operator
Nokia BBU Tenant Operator
Nokia BBU Radi
RRH RRH Nokia BBU
o

ASiR-
ASiR- ASiR- RFC
RFC RFC
CPRI /
sHUB CPRI / Fiber sHUB
Fiber

 Two operators share AirScale BBU (MORAN/MOCN) –

 Two operators share AirScale BBU (MORAN/MOCN) – one host operator, e.g. TTN
one host operator, e.g. TTN  One Tenant Operator with Nokia BBU direct CPRI/eCPRI
 Two tenant operators connected through RFC with connection to sHub
own Nokia or non-Nokia BTS  One tenant Operator connected through RFC with own
Two operator ASiR solution –
MORAN/MOCN
AirScale Indoor Radio 4G+5G
- Operators use their own dedicated
Core Core spectrum
Operator 1 Operator 2
OS
S - Shared AirScale BBU

AirScale 4G - Smart Hubs, cabling and Pico RRH

BBU 5G are shared
CPRI fiber eCPRI
fiber
- Single entity to operate - either one
Smart of the operators or neutral entity
Hub (like N!)
(Hybrid)
fiber
- 5G TDD n78 carriers on same band in
Pico RRH
(4G+5G) 4G+5G a single pRRH within 200MHz
oBW&iBW
PLMN1 PLMN1 PLMN1 PLMN2 PLMN2 PLMN2
@1800 @2100 @3500 @1800 @2100 @3500
Guest operator using dedicated eNB/gNB through RF
Converter
AirScale Indoor Radio 4G+5G multi-operator sharing
- Operators use their own
Host Core Guest dedicated spectrum with own
Core
operator Operator 1 Operator 2 operator baseband unit
OS - Smart Hubs, cabling and Pico RRH
S are shared, but operated by Host
AirScale
Operator
4G 4G
BBU 5G 5G
eCPRI
CPRI - Host Operator’s baseband connected
CPRI fiber RF
fiber
fiber using CPRI/fiber to Smart Hub
Converter
Smart
- Guest operators’ 4G and 5G base
Hub
station (BBU+RF) connected through
(Hybrid)
fiber 5G RF Converter similar to DAS
Pico RRH connection
(4G+5G) 4G+5G
- 5G carriers on same band in a single
PLMN1 PLMN1
@1800 @2100
PLMN1 PLMN2
@1800
PLMN2 PLMN2 pRRH within 200MHz oBW&iBW
@3500 @2100 @3500
 AirScale Indoor Solution
summary Copper Fronthaul Fiber Fronthaul 4G+5G Multi-operator

 Indoor distributed architecture  Fibre based platform for higher capacity  4G+5G pRRH (gen3 pRRH)
 4G + 5G with smooth upgrade path and longer range  Multi-operator 4G+5G
 All key bands covered - also 2G,3G support  NR/DSS for 4G pRRH  Compact baseband
 Multi-operator 4G

4G dual-band pRRHs SW features: Tri-band 4G+5G pRRH (HF)- 22R3

4G tri-band pRRHs
 5G FDD FR1 support on 4G pRRH  200MHz oBW/iBW
• B1+B3 • B1+B3+B7
 DSS in ASiR  B1+B3+n78
• B3+B40 • B1+B3+B8  Other band combinations
 GSM (B3) support
 BBU: High Capacity ABIO support for ASIR 5G pRRH (HF) – 22R3
5G pRRHs 5G pRRHs
hybrid fiber solution (5G)  n77
 n78 (B42) AWHQA • n78 mid-band AWHQQ  Other bands
 n78 (B43) AWHQB • n41 AWHHA
Airscale RF-Converter 5G (22R3)
Indoor Optical/HF sHUB APHG CPRI/eCPRI
Ethernet sHUB APHA CPRI  APHH 5G Signal feeding upto 4.2GHZ
 Upto 4x100MHz NR
 CAT 6A cabling
 Hybrid fiber
 100MHz NR+4x20MHz LTE

Hybrid Fiber Converter APHF Baseband (22R3…23R1)

RF-Converter Ethernet Extender
 APHD Dual-port  Hybrid Fiber to PoE++  Compact BBU ASOE
 APHB RF ports for 2/3/4G RF
access ethernet extender  High capacity ABIO support
Direct Connect
pRRH

22 © 2023 Nokia Confidential

 AirScale Indoor pico
Direct Connect 5G AirScale pRRH RRH Solution
Solution Benefits
5G Stand-Alone n77 (3.8-4.2 GHZ) available • Optimal solution for industrial IoT or
enterprise use cases
• Cost-effective and reliable indoor
New Direct Connect AirScale
Direct BBU (ASOE
connect picoor RRH
ABIO)
with solution
variants planned eCPRI Cor Net Act • Direct eCPRI fronthaul connection to
in 24R1  no sHub e FM/CM
BBU
- B38/n38 • Best performance v.s. size
- B40/n40 • 4x250mW Tx output power
AirScale 5G BBU • 100MHz BW carrier, 256QAM support
• Carrier-grade software quality
eCPRI /
Fiber • Proven plug & play for light touch
install
eCPRI /
Hybrid
Fiber
AC
adapter
(optional)

5G ASiR-
pRRH
 AirScale Indoor Radio System vs Direct Connect
pRRH
ASiR – always with sHub Direct Connect pRRH – without sHub only
- Medium to large deployments, multi-operator support - Small to medium deployments, private networks
- Multi-band - supports also 4G and 5G FDD, 2G and 3G - eCPRI , based on Reefshark 6602
- CPRI between pRRH and sHub - 5G Stand-alone – single band (n77, n79, CBRS, n38*, n40*)
- 4G supported on CBRS, B38* and B40*
- 4G supported on CBRS, B38* and
B40*
4G+5G AirScale BBU

CPRI / eCPRI /
Fiber Fiber
ASiR-sHUB (APHG/APHA) AirScale 5G BBU

eCPRI
CPRI
Hybrid fiber
Hybrid Fiber/Cat6A
AC adapter
AC adapter 4G /5G (optional)
(optional) pRRH
(gen4)
4G/5G ASiR-
pRRH
(gen1,2,3)
 Outdoor Micro for Street or Hotspot
Coverage

25 © 2023 Nokia
26 © 2023 Nokia
 AirScale Micro RRH Benefits
Seamless HetNet Coordination @ all
levels
Macro domain Optimum macro & micro cell mix btw. high & low power
RRH’s & RAS with common baseband unit

Manage cell Reduced OPEX Optimized cell

costs with right with common size with right
size radio for management pwr level per
right purpose location/use case

Seamless HetNet Coordination

Seamless HetNet micro-macro coordination as one
single system

AirScale Macro/micro Full support of

baseband HW & feature parity 4,5G/4,5G Pro:
SW driving all across all Multi-CCA,
radios RRH’s CoMP

Micro domain
AirScale Micro RRH – versatile installation
scenarios
Pole mount -flat

8-unit
antenna

Pole book-mount
1x power-in
1x fiber 1x fiber

(other units 1x fiber

1x power-in chained) 3x power-in
(another unit
1x fiber
cascade 2x power-in
connected)

1 unit: 1 unit: 3 units: 2 units :

7 1 band (cell) 4T4R w/ 2bands/cells @ 2T2R 3 bands/cells @ 4T4R with 1 band/cell @ 8T8R w/ ext.
integrated antenna w/ external antenna or integrated dir. antenna antenna (future 8x8 MIMO
eMIMO omni sticks 1 fiber (w/CPRI compression support)
& chaining)
AirScale Micro 4x5 W – Compact
size

DC variant
FlexiMetro 2T/2R AirScale Micro 4T/4R
AirScale Metro vs.
iPad
Shroud-mount
AC variant

Strand-mount AC PSU Module

Confidential
Small cells power
solutions
Providing reliable power & backup to small
cells
Introduction RAN –
Nokia proposes a unique AC/DC to DC power solution with backup. Same form factor Pico
than any other Flexi platform product, this lightweight and compact solution fits
perfectly with power need of DC small cells. The FPMA Power solution is available with
RRH
different installation and mounting options.

Applications
Greenfield site / site modernization
Good grid, outdoor site,
Short battery autonomy FPM
A

Benefits
Cost effective solution Easy
mounting FPBB (Battery)
Zero footprint, zero maintenance Rectifier

44 © 2023 Confidential
Nokia
Nokia Flexi and AirScale power rectifiers – FPRB &
APRA
Zero footprint
1 solution with high energy
efficiency
Flexi Power Rectifier B Airscale Power Rectifier A (APRA1)
(FPRB) FPRB APRA
 Zero footprint high efficiency (~95%) rectifier  Zero footprint high efficiency (~97%) rectifier
for outdoor use (IP65) for outdoor use (IP65)

 Advanced features: load shifting2 , eco mode  Advanced features : Load shifting2, solar
and generator support connectivity and eco mode (planned 2023)

 Scalable to large loads: from 3 kW to 27 kW,  Light weight scalable to large loads: from 6
25 kg per 9 kW kW (13 kg) to 30 kW (65 kg)

 Weight: 25 kg (one chassis and 3 rectifiers

each 3 kW)  Integrated to Nokia NetAct

 Supporting a wide temperature range from

-40°C to 55°C

Significant energy saving by Compatible with AirScale

Flexi case mounting options
eliminating active cooling One Clip Rail

1 - Availability: Q2 2023
2 - Load shifting solution uses batteries during peak tariff hours and recharging during low tariff hours
45 © 2023 Nokia internal use
Nokia
Energy storage
solutions
Nokia Indoor/ Outdoor Lithium
Battery
Nokia proposes power solutions including a large range of lead acid or lithium batteries. The Nokia Indoor/Outdoor
Lithium Battery available in our portfolio provides higher capacity in smaller space and footprint with longer lifetime
comparing to other batteries available from 3rd party vendors.

Nokia Outdoor Lithium Battery-NOLB Nokia Indoor Lithium Battery-NILB

 LFP technology  NMC & LFP technologies.
 Outdoor IP65 component  Highest energy density on the market (NMC)
 Higher capacity than same size VRLA batteries  Low weight and volume
 Up to 3x longer lifetime in comparison with VRLA  Sustainability compliant, zero cost recycle (NMC)
technology  Higher number of cycles compared to competition
 Capacity from 50Ah up to 9x50Ah  Capacity from 50Ah up to 250Ah per unit

NOLB: Nokia Outdoor Lithium Battery NMC: Nickel Manganese Cobalt

NILB: Nokia Indoor Lithium Battery LFP: Lithium Iron Phosphate
VRLA: Valve Regulated Lead Acid

46 © 2023 Nokia Confidential