CH 11 Waves 2 New

3.
1
Chapter 11
POSITION AND
Lecture
DISPLACEMENT
Outline
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 1
PART ONE Mechanics
CHAPTER
Waves
CHAPTER
11
OUTLINE
11.1 WAVES AND ENERGY TRANSPORT
11.2 TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL
WAVES
11.8 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION
11.9 INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION
11.3- Speed of a transverse waves
11.4-Periodic waves.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 2
Skills Innovative Cooperative Leadership Communicate
Reflection
Ch 11.1- Waves and energy
transport Engage Day 1
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT
Draw & Label
Describe , using a mathematical Waves
expression, how the energy in
a wave depends on the amplitude
of the wave
Calculate Velocity and Intensity of

waves. Extend-
What are derived units?
Compare energy and matter.
•Vocabulary
•Waves
SUCCESS CRITERIA
•Crest • All students will be able to differentiate between energy & matter
• Most of the students will be able to describe the relationship
between intensity and energy.
• Few students will be able to compile the graph of X and Y axis.
a
11.1 WAVES AND ENERGY
TRANSPORT
Basic Models: Particles and Waves Explain
Physicists use only a few basic models to describe the
physical world.
One such model is the particle: a point-like object with

no
inner structure and with certain characteristics such as
mass and electric charge.
Another basic model is the wave . Water waves are

familiar examples.
Slide 4
TRANSPORT
Energy Transport by a Wave Explore
Energy is transferred without any matter moving from the

pitcher to the catcher .
Slide 5
Intensity TRANSPORT Extend
Intensity (symbol I , SI unit W/m2 ) is a measure of the
average power per unit area carried by the wave past a
surface perpendicular to the wave’s direction of
propagation.
Slide 6
Reflection
Ch 11.1- waves and energy transport Engage Day 2
See Think and wonder.
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT
Describe , using a
mathematical expression, how
the energy in a wave depends
on the amplitude of the wave
Calculate Velocity and

Intensity of waves.

Extend-
What are derived units?
•Vocabulary
•Waves SUCCESS CRITERIA

• All students will be able to differentiate between energy & matter
•Crest
a
TRANSPORT
ntensity and Distance from the Wave Source
For most waves, the intensity decreases as the distance
from the source increases. Some of the energy can be
absorbed (dissipated) by the wave medium.
Another reason intensity decreases with distance is that,

as the wave spreads out, the energy gets spread over a
larger and larger area.
Explain
Slide 8
Explore
WAVES AND 11.

ENERGY
TRANSPORT 1
Inverse Square Law
(point source emitting uniformly in all directions; no

reflection or absorption)
Slide 9
List Equation for Area of
 Circle
Challenge yourself!
 Sphere
 Cylinder How Does animals locate
their prey?
Choose any particular

feature in animals that uses
waves ?
Does plants communicate?

Reflection
Ch 11.1- waves and energy transport
HS PS 4.1
Elaborate
SWBAT
Group A- Communicating satellite.
Describe , using a
Group B- Electrical waves.
the energy in a wave depends Group C- Seismic waves
on the amplitude of the wave Group D- Sound waves
Group E- Discuss types of waves.
Intensity of waves.
•Vocabulary
•Waves
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
CCL-Social Explore
Suggest few places
where we have
frequency Earth
and Explain its
intensity?
Reflection
HS PS 4.1
Evaluate
SWBAT
Close
Relate the motion of a freely
Show any skills you have to demonstrated today?
falling body to motion with
constant acceleration.
Connect to any CCL?
Calculate displacement, velocity,
and time at various points in the
motion of a freely falling object. A point or Sketch you have learned?
Compare the motions of different
objects in free fall.
Success Criteria
•Vocabulary I am able to …….
•Waves
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
Ch 11.1- waves and energy transport Engage Day 3
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT
How many parts can we
Describe , using a
categories waves into?
the energy in a wave depends
on the amplitude of the wave

Extend-
Intensity of waves. What are the X and Y
components of the given
Compare energy and matter. graph
•Vocabulary
•Waves
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
CCL-Social Explore
Q5 Why is it possible to understand the words
spoken by two people at the same time?
Q7. Why is a transverse wave sometimes
called a shear wave?
Extend
Pair & Share
Group Work
Extend
Pair & Share
Group Work
Reflection
HS PS 4.1
Evaluate
SWBAT
Close
Relate the motion of a freely
Show any skills you have to demonstrated today?
falling body to motion with
constant acceleration.
Calculate displacement, velocity,
and time at various points in the
motion of a freely falling object. A point or Sketch you have learned?
Compare the motions of different
objects in free fall.
Success Criteria
•Vocabulary I am able to …….
•Waves
SUCCESS CRITERIA
•Crest
• All students will be able to differentiate between d & x
between reference point
a
Reflection
Ch 11.2- TRANSVERSE AND Engage Day 4
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT
classify waves as transverse or

longitudinal in terms of the relation
between wave propagation direction
and direction of motion of particles in
the wave,
identify the periodicity of compression
and rarefaction in a longitudinal wave
as a graph of density versus time or
distance, represented by a transverse Extend-
waveform, What are the combination of both the ways?
represent the periodicity of
compression and rarefaction in a
longitudinal wave as a graph of density
versus time or distance as a transverse
waveform,
identify features of wave motion
SUCCESS CRITERIA
common to transverse and • All students will be able to differentiate between types of waves
longitudinal waves. • Most of the students will be able to describe the relationship
between motion of each.
a
11.2 TRANSVERSE AND
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
In a transverse wave, the motion of particles in the
medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation
of the wave.
Explain
Slide 20
11.2 TRANSVERSE AND
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
In a longitudinal wave, the motion of particles in the
medium is along the same line as the direction of
propagation of the wave.
Explain
Slide 21
11.2 TRANSVERSE AND
ExtendWAVES
LONGITUDINAL
Waves That Combine Transverse and Longitudinal
Motion
In a surface wave, the medium near the
surface rolls approximately in a circle.
Thus, the motion of the medium has

components both parallel and
perpendicular to the direction of
propagation.
The transverse component can either be

up and down or side to side. The motion
of the medium is greatest at the surface.
Slide 22
11.2 TRANSVERSE AND
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
Seismic Waves
Slide 23
Extend Three types of seismic waves.
Group Work
Reflection
Ch 11.2- TRANSVERSE AND Evaluate
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
HS PS 4.1
Close
Show any skills you have to demonstrated

SWBAT
today?
the wave,
A point or Sketch you have learned?
Success Criteria
distance, represented by a transverse
waveform,
compression and rarefaction in a I am able to …….
waveform,
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
Engage
Ch 11.3- Speed of a transverse
waves in a string
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT

the wave,
waveform,
waveform,
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
Explore
Ch 11.3- Speed of a transverse
waves in a string
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT

the wave,
waveform,
waveform,
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Express
Pair & Share
Group Work
Express
Pair & Share
Group Work
Express
Pair & Share
Home work
Extend
Pair & Share
Group Work
Extend
Pair & Share
Group Work
Reflection
Ch 11.3- Speed of a transverse Evaluate
waves in a string
HS PS 4.1 Close

SWBAT
today?
the wave,
Success Criteria
waveform,
compression and rarefaction in a I am able to …….
waveform,
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
11.3 SPEED OF TRANSVERSE WAVES
ON A STRING
For a transverse wave in a string of length L and mass m
is under tension F:
More restoring force makes faster waves; more inertia

makes slower waves. Heavy string make less amplitude
Slide 34
11. 11.3 SPEED OF TRANSVERSE WAVES ON
A STRING
3
A string of length 2.0 m has a mass of 125
mg. The string is attached to the ceiling
and a piñata of mass 4.0 kg hangs from the
other end.
A child whacks the piñata sideways with a

stick; as a result, a transverse pulse travels
up the string toward the ceiling.
At what speed does the pulse travel?
Slide 35
11. 11.3 Sample
SPEED OF TRANSVERSE WAVES ON
A STRING
3
Solution
Slide 36
Reflection
Ch 11.4- Periodic waves
HS PS 4.1
Define periodic motion with examples ….
SWBAT
•Understand the motion of the

individual particle in a wave
from the Displacement-Time
graph; •
•Understand conceptually how
a (travelling) wave motion is
formed by the interaction of
different particles due to the
source of wave.
•Understand the definition of
distance on the horizontal axis
SUCCESS CRITERIA
of displacement distance
• All students will be able to differentiate between types of waves
graph and demonstrates this
a
11.4 PERIODIC WAVES
A periodic wave repeats the same pattern over and over,
each repeating section transporting the energy that was
used to generate it.
Period, Frequency, Wavelength, and Amplitude

At any given point in space, a periodic wave repeats itself
after a time T called the period . The inverse of the
period is
the frequency f .
Slide 38
11.4 PERIODIC WAVES
During one period T , a
periodic wave traveling at
speed v moves a distance vT .
This distance is called the
wavelength (symbol λ , the
Greek letter lambda).
The maximum displacement of any particle from its

equilibrium position is the amplitude A of the wave.
Slide 39
Reflection
Evaluate
HS PS 4.1 Close

SWBAT today?
understand the motion of the
individual particle in a wave from
the Displacement-Time graph; •
understand conceptually how a
(travelling) wave motion is
different particles due to the Success Criteria
source of wave.
understand the definition of
distance on the horizontal axis of
I am able to …….
displacement distance graph and
demonstrates this
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
HS PS 4.1
Food for thought ….
SWBAT

graph; •
source of wave.
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
Explore
HS PS 4.1
Harmonic Waves Harmonic waves are a special

kind of periodic wave in which
SWBAT the disturbance is sinusoidal (either a sine or
•Understand the motion of the cosine function). In a harmonic trans-
individual particle in a wave verse wave on a string, for instance, every point on
from the Displacement-Time the string moves in SHM with
graph; • the same amplitude and angular frequency,
•Understand conceptually how although different points reach their
a (travelling) wave motion is maximum displacements at different times. The
formed by the interaction of maximum speed and maximum acceleration of a
different particles due to the point on the string depend on both the angular
source of wave. frequency and the amplitude of the wave:
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
Explore
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT

graph; •
source of wave.
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
Explore
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT

vm is the maximum speed at which a point on the
from the Displacement-Time string moves in the ±y-direction. v m is not the
graph; • same as v, the speed of wave propagation in the
•Understand conceptually how ±x-direction
source of wave.
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Group Work
11.4-PerodicSolve
waves
Problem solving
Reflection
Ch 11.7- Principle of Superposition

Engage
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT
Predicts what will happen when

two waves interfere with each
other
To study Superposition theorem
practically.
Vocabulary
Constructive
Destructive
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection

Engage
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT
The superposition principle states
that when two or more waves
two waves interfere with each
overlap in space, the resultant
other disturbance is equal to the algebraic
practically.
sum of the individual disturbances.
(This is sometimes violated for large
Vocabulary disturbances and Nonlinear
interactions.)
Constructive
Destructive
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
11.7 PRINCIPLE OF
Suppose SUPERPOSITION
two waves of the same type pass through the same
region of space. Do the waves affect each other?
If the amplitudes of the waves are large enough, then particles in

the medium are displaced far enough from their equilibrium
positions that Hooke’s law (restoring force ∝ displacement) no
longer holds; in that case, the waves do affect each other.
However, for small amplitudes, the waves can pass through each
other and emerge unchanged . More generally, when the
amplitudes are not too large, the principle of superposition
applies.
Slide 48
11. PRINCIPLE OF
Principle of Superposition
SUPERPOSITION
7
When two or more waves overlap,
the net disturbance at any point is
the sum of the individual
disturbances due to each wave.
Slide 49
11.4
Two identical wave pulses travel at 0.5 m/s toward each
1.5, and 2.0 s. OF 11.

other on a long cord. Sketch the shape of the cord at t = 1.0,
PRINCIPLE
SUPERPOSIT
ION 7
Slide 50
11.4
Strategy
atPRINCIPLE
each time given.OF 11.
We start by sketching the two pulses in their new positions
SUPERPOSIT
Wherever 7superposition by adding
ION they overlap, we apply
the individual displacements at each point to find the net
displacement of the cord at that point.
Slide 51
Exampl 11.4
e
Two identical wave pulses travel at 0.5 m/s toward each
1.5, and 2.0 s. OF 11.

other on a long cord. Sketch the shape of the cord at t = 1.0,
PRINCIPLE
SUPERPOSIT
ION 7
Slide 52
Exampl 11.4
e
Strategy
atPRINCIPLE
each time given.OF 11.
We start by sketching the two pulses in their new positions
SUPERPOSIT
Wherever 7superposition by adding
ION they overlap, we apply
the individual displacements at each point to find the net
displacement of the cord at that point.
Slide 53
Exampl 11.4
e
Solution
PRINCIPLE OF 11.
SUPERPOSIT
ION 7
Slide 54
Exampl 11.4
e
Solution
PRINCIPLE OF 11.
SUPERPOSIT
ION 7
Slide 55
Skills Innovative Cooperative Leadership Communicate Reflection

Explain- Misconception check
HS PS 4.1
The principle of superposition, the old

SWBAT
saying that no two things can occupy
the same space at the same time does
two waves interfere with each not apply to waves. Indeed, an infinite
other
number of waves can occupy the
practically. same space at the same time.
Vocabulary
Constructive
Destructive
Skills Innovative Cooperative Leadership Communicate Reflection

Explain- Misconception check
HS PS 4.1
They do this without affecting one another,

SWBAT
so that each wave retains its own character
independent of how many other waves are
two waves interfere with each present at the same point and time. A radio
other
or television antenna can receive the signal
practically. of any single frequency to which it is tuned,
regardless of the existence of any others.
Vocabulary
Likewise, the sound waves of two people
Constructive talking may cross each other, but the sound
Destructive
of each voice is unaffected by the waves’
having been simultaneously at the same
point.
• Group Work
11.7-Principle of
superposition
Problem solving
• Group Work
11.7-Principle of
superposition
Problem solving
Reflection
Ch 11.8 – Refraction and Reflection Engage SEE THINK & WONDER
of waves Superposition
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT
Demonstration and
discussion: Reflection and
refraction with ripple tank
Vocabulary
Constructive
Destructive
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
Ch 11.8 – Refraction and Reflection Explore
of waves Superposition
HS PS 4.1 Reflection by fixed and Free End.
SWBAT
Demonstration and
Vocabulary
Constructive
Destructive
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
At an abrupt boundary between one
medium and another, reflection
occurs; a reflected wave carrying
some of the energy of the incident
wave travels backward from the
boundary.
Slide 62
Change in Wavelength at a
Boundary
When there is an abrupt change in wave medium, an

incident wave splits up at the boundary; part is
reflected and part is transmitted past the boundary
into the other
medium.
The frequencies of both the reflected and transmitted

waves are the same as the frequency of the incident
wave.
Slide 63
Change in Wavelength at a
Boundary
If the wave speed changes at the boundary, the

wavelength of the transmitted wave is not the same as
the wavelength of the incident and reflected waves.
Since v = λf and the frequencies are the same,
Slide 64
11. REFLECTION AND
Exampl 11.5
REFRACTION
e
8
Ultrasonic imaging is used to detect the presence of
gallstones in the gallbladder. A transducer generates
ultrasound at a frequency of 6.00 MHz. The speed of sound
in the gallstone is 2180 m/s; the speed in the surrounding
bile is 1520 m/s.
(a) What is the wavelength of the sound wave in the bile?
(b) What is the wavelength of the sound wave in the

gallstone?
Slide 65
11. REFLECTION AND
Exampl 11.5
REFRACTION
e
8
Strategy
The frequency of the sound wave in water is the same in the
two materials. The wavelengths depend on both the
frequency and the speed of sound in the medium.
Slide 66
11. REFLECTION AND
Exampl 11.5
REFRACTION
e
8
Solution
(a)
(b)
Slide 67
11. REFLECTION AND
Exampl Sample
REFRACTION
e
8 Solve
Slide 68
11. REFLECTION AND
Exampl Sample
REFRACTION
e
8 Solution
Slide 69
11. REFLECTION AND
Exampl Sample
REFRACTION
e
8 Take it Home!
Slide 70
Refraction
A transmitted wave not only
has a different wavelength
than the incident wave, it also
travels in a different direction
unless the incident wave’s
direction of propagation is
along the normal (the
direction perpendicular to the
boundary). This change in
propagation direction is called
refraction .
Slide 71
11.8-Reflection
and Refraction
Problem solving
Reflection
Engage SEE THINK & WONDER
Ch 11.9– Interference & Diffraction.
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT
Demonstration and
Vocabulary
Coherent
Incoherent
Interference
11.9 INTERFERENCE AND
DIFFRACTION
Interference
Suppose waves with the same frequency f but different
amplitudes A1 and A2 pass through the same point in
space.
If the waves are in phase at that point, the two waves
consistently reach their maxima at exactly the same time.
Slide 74
DIFFRACTION
Interference
The superposition of the waves that are in phase with one
another is called constructive interference ; the
amplitude of the combined waves is the sum of the
amplitudes of the two individual waves ( A1 + A2 ).
Slide 75
DIFFRACTION
Interference
If two waves with the same frequency are 180° out of
phase at a given point, one reaches its maximum when
the other reaches its minimum. The superposition of
waves that are 180° out of phase is called destructive
interference —the amplitude of the combined waves is
the difference of the amplitudes of the two individual
waves ( A1 − A2 ).
Slide 76
DIFFRACTION
The two waves travel different distances d1 and d2 to reach

a point P. If d1 − d2 is an integral number of wavelengths,
interference is constructive at P. If d1 − d2 is an odd
number of half wavelengths, interference is destructive.
Slide 77
11. INTERFERENCE AND
Exampl 11.6
DIFFRACTION
e
9
Two waves interfere. The intensity of one of them (alone) is
9.0 times the intensity of the other.
What is the ratio of the maximum possible intensity to the

minimum possible intensity of the resulting wave?
Slide 78
Exampl 11.6
DIFFRACTION
e
9
Strategy
The intensity is not the sum or difference of the individual
intensities.
The principle of superposition tells us that the maximum

and minimum amplitudes of the interfering waves are the
sum and difference of the individual amplitudes.
Intensity is proportional to amplitude squared, so we find

the ratio of the amplitudes and then add or subtract them.
Slide 79
Exampl 11.6
DIFFRACTION
e
9
Solution
Slide 80
DIFFRACTION
Coherence
The phase difference Δφ between two waves at a point
where they overlap is a measure of how much one is
ahead or behind the other in the cycle.
In our discussion of interference, we’ve assumed that the

waves are coherent —that their phase difference is
constant.
Waves are incoherent if the phase relationship between

them varies randomly.
Slide 81
DIFFRACTION
Diffraction
Diffraction is the spreading of
a wave around an obstacle in
its path. The amount of
diffraction depends on the
relative size of the obstacle
and the wavelength of the
waves.
Slide 82
Notes DIFFRACTION
Reflection occurs at a boundary between different wave
media. Some energy may be transmitted into the new
medium and the rest is reflected. The wave transmitted
past the boundary is refracted (propagates in a different
direction).
• Coherent waves have the same frequency and maintain a
fixed phase relationship with one another. Coherent
waves that are in phase with one another interfere
constructively; those that are 180° out of phase interfere
destructively.
Slide 83
Reflection
Ch11.3 Speed of transverse
Waves on a String
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT

the wave,
waveform,
waveform,
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
Ch11.4 Periodic Waves
HS PS 4.1
SWBAT

the wave,
waveform,
waveform,
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a
Reflection
Ch11.7 Principle of
superposition HS PS 4.1
SWBAT

the wave,
waveform,
waveform,
SUCCESS CRITERIA
a

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3.

Calculate Velocity and Intensity of

One such model is the particle: a point-like object with

Another basic model is the wave . Water waves are

Energy is transferred without any matter moving from the

Calculate Velocity and

Compare energy and matter.

•Waves SUCCESS CRITERIA

Another reason intensity decreases with distance is that,

WAVES AND 11.

(point source emitting uniformly in all directions; no

Choose any particular

Does plants communicate?

Compare energy and matter.

Calculate Velocity and

classify waves as transverse or

Thus, the motion of the medium has

The transverse component can either be

Show any skills you have to demonstrated

classify waves as transverse or

classify waves as transverse or

Show any skills you have to demonstrated

More restoring force makes faster waves; more inertia

A child whacks the piñata sideways with a

At what speed does the pulse travel?

•Understand the motion of the

Period, Frequency, Wavelength, and Amplitude

The maximum displacement of any particle from its

Show any skills you have to demonstrated

•Understand the motion of the

Harmonic Waves Harmonic waves are a special

•Understand the motion of the

•Understand the motion of the

Ch 11.7- Principle of Superposition

Predicts what will happen when

Ch 11.7- Principle of Superposition

If the amplitudes of the waves are large enough, then particles in

1.5, and 2.0 s. OF 11.

1.5, and 2.0 s. OF 11.

Ch 11.7- Principle of Superposition

The principle of superposition, the old

Ch 11.7- Principle of Superposition

They do this without affecting one another,

When there is an abrupt change in wave medium, an

The frequencies of both the reflected and transmitted

If the wave speed changes at the boundary, the

Since v = λf and the frequencies are the same,

(a) What is the wavelength of the sound wave in the bile?

(b) What is the wavelength of the sound wave in the

The two waves travel different distances d1 and d2 to reach

What is the ratio of the maximum possible intensity to the

The principle of superposition tells us that the maximum

Intensity is proportional to amplitude squared, so we find

In our discussion of interference, we’ve assumed that the

Waves are incoherent if the phase relationship between

classify waves as transverse or

classify waves as transverse or

classify waves as transverse or

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