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Presented by: Group 3

The Global
Migration
Lesson 10
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LEARNING OUTCOME 2

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Identify the reasons for the migration of
people
2. Explain why states regulate migration and
3. discuss the effects of global migration on the
economic well-being of states
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WHAT IS MIGRATION?

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Internal Migration International
Migration
- which refers to people
- which people cross
moving
borders of one country to
from one area to another
another.
within one country
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THE LATTER CAN BE FURTHER BROKEN
DOWN INTO FIVE GROUPS.
Fifth group are refugees (also
known a asylum-seekers), i.e.,
those "unable or unwilling to

01 Illegal migrants
05
First are those who return because of a well-
move permanently to
another country
03 comprise the
third group
founded fear of persecution on
account of race, religion,
nationality, membership in a
(immigrants). particular social group, or
political opinion

The fourth are migrants

Second refers to workers
02 who stay in another
country for a fixed
period (at least 6 months
in a year)
whose families have
04 "petitioned" them to
move to the destination
county.
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• 247 million global migrants,
90% for economic reasons.
• Top origins: Latin America,
Eastern Europe, Central Asia,
Middle East.
• Leading countries: India,
Mexico, China.
• Main destinations: West and
Middle East. US is top choice.
• 50% of migrants move from
developing to developed countries.
• Migrants contribute 40-80% of labor
5
force in developed countries.
• Migrant growth outpaces local
population growth.
• First-generation immigrants: 13% in
Western Europe, 15% in North
America, 48% in GCC.
• Majority settle in cities, boosting host
countries' productivity.
 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) TABLE 1.
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Migrant Contribution to Destination Country, in
dollars and as percentage of national GDP, 2015

Country Contribution % of GDP

United States $3 trillion 11%

Germany $550 billion 17%

United Kingdom $390 billion 14%

Australia $330 billion 25%

Canada $320 billion 21%

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• Migrant influx debate: assets or
liabilities?
• Anti-immigrant groups and
nationalists seek stricter controls.
• Influential leaders: Donald Trump,
Theresa May.
• Reversing pro-immigration
policies.
• Trump's travel ban and US-Mexico
wall proposal.
• Data contradicts anti-immigrant
sentiment.
• 2011 Harvard study: minor labor
market impact.
• Fiscal impact on social welfare:
minimal.
• Organization for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD)
report: native-born citizens receive
more support.?
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• Migrant workers send billions
in remittances.
• Top remittance contributors:
India, China, Philippines,
Mexico.
• Remittances boost development
and improve migrants' economic
and social standing.
• Doubles family purchasing
power and supports education.
BENEFITS AND DETRIMENTS FOR
THE SENDING COUNTRIES
• Concerns: economic
sustainability and reliance on
remittances.
• ADB: limited influence on
education and healthcare
spending.
• Global migration leading to
"brain drain."
• Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia
lose one-third of college
graduates.
• Loss of professionals, such
as doctors, detrimental to
home countries.
• Example: Sub-Saharan 8
African countries losing
doctors to US and Canada.
• Governments promote
migrant work for GDP
impact.
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• Recruitment and deployment of

workers through special
departments.
• Sustainability of migrant-
dependent economies hinges on
strength of these institutions.
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THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN
TRAFFICKING

• Brain drain and protecting

migrant workers are crucial
issues.
• Human trafficking is the third
largest criminal activity,
according to FBI. 10

• ILO reported 21 million

victims of forced labor in 2012.
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THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN
TRAFFICKING

• 90% of victims are exploited by

private enterprises, 22% sexually
abused, 68% forced into work in various
sectors.
• Tafficking is highly profitable, with
profits reaching $150 billion in 2014.
• Despite efforts from governments,
private sector, and civil society, the fight
against human trafficking shows uneven
results.
 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) INTEGRATION
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• Migrants enhance the GDP of host

countries, yet struggle with accessing basic
needs.
• Migrant success rate differs based on
origin, with China, India, and Western
Europe leading.
• Professional migrants tend to integrate
more smoothly.
• Democratic states offer citizenship to
immigrants, but it can be merely formal 12
without support.
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INTEGRATION
. Differences in language, customs, and
religion may stir tensions.
• Migrants clustering together might
amplify differences and discrimination.
• Efforts are underway to tackle
integration issues, including language
and cultural understanding.
 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) CONCLUSION
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Global migration, mirroring the uneven nature of globalization, presents varied experiences
for migrants, from liberating opportunities for highly educated professionals to
disempowering situations for victims of human trafficking. Richer states acknowledge the
economic benefits of migrant labor, particularly with aging populations and shifting job
markets, yet often limit and restrict migrant labor due to cultural preservation concerns or
scapegoating. Despite these contradictions, global interdependence ensures that migration will
remain a major issue. Countries heavily reliant on globalization and foreign labor, such as
Singapore, Saudi Arabia, and Japan, will continue to seek foreign workers, just as labor-
abundant countries like the Philippines will continue to send workers abroad. With the
inevitability of countries needing to open up to prevent economic stagnation, responses to
these movements, from xenophobia and extreme nationalism in receiving countries to
dependency in sending countries, will persist as pressing issues.

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12
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Thank You
By Group 3