U P 4

GRO
 means crossing the political or administration unit
boundary for a certain minimum period. It refers to
the movement from one region or country.

Emigrants
W H AT I S  when a person freely chooses to move to
another place. It might be temporary or
permanent.
M I G R AT I O
N?
TWO FORMS OF
M I G R AT I O N
Internal vs International
refers to individuals refers to people moving
beyond national borders.
moving from one location
to another within the same
country.
 1) Temporary Labor

2) Highly- Skilled Business Migrants

C AT E G O R I E S
3) Irregular Migrants
OF
4) Asylum seekers
I N T E R N AT I O N 5) Forced Migration

AL MIGRANTS 6) Family Members

7) Return Migrants
 C AT E G O R I E S 1) Temporary Labor
 ( also known as guest workers or overseas
OF contract workers). This refers to men and
I N T E R N AT I O N women who migrate for a limited period in
order to take up employment and send money
AL MIGRANTS from home.
 2)High-Skilled Business
C AT E G O R I E S Migrants
OF  people with qualifications as managers,
executives, professionals, technicians, or
I N T E R N AT I O N similar, who move within internal labor
AL MIGRANTS markets of transitional corporations and
international organizations.
 C AT E G O R I E S 3) Irregular Migrants
OF  (also known as undocumented or illegal
migrants). These are people who enter a
I N T E R N AT I O N country, usually in search of employment,

AL MIGRANTS without the necessary documents and permits.

 C AT E G O R I E S 4) Asylum Seekers
OF  people who move across borders in search of
protection, but those who may not fulfill the
I N T E R N AT I O N strict criteria laid down by the 1951

AL MIGRANTS convention.
 C AT E G O R I E S 5) Forced Migration
OF  this includes not only refugees and asylum
seekers but also people who are forced to move
I N T E R N AT I O N by environmental catastrophes or development

AL MIGRANTS projects.
 C AT E G O R I E S 6) Family Members
 also known as family reunion or family
OF reunification migrants). This refers to
I N T E R N AT I O N migration to join people who have already
entered an immigration country under one of
AL MIGRANTS the above categories
 7) Return Migrants
C AT E G O R I E S  these are the people who return to their

OF countries of origin after a long period in

another country. They are often looked at
I N T E R N AT I O N favorably as they may bring with them capital,

AL MIGRANTS skills, and experience useful for economic

development.
THE PUSH AND
P U L L FA C T O R :
Safety

Natural Disaster

Political Conflict

Education

Family

Career

Economic betterment
 1) Labor force needs
BENEFITS
2) Expanding education
OF
3) Economic integration
M I G R AT I O
4) Cultural Sharing
N
 Disadvantages of Migration for Host The disadvantage of Migration for Country
Country) of Origin
• Depression of wages • Loss of financial and informational wealth
• Companies may neglect employee benefit • Loss of skilled labor
program • Negative effect on children
• Can lead to exploitation
• Strain on public services
• Displacement of jobs
• Takes time to adapt to a new environment
• Increase crime rates

D E T R I M E N T S O F M I G R AT I O N
THE
PROBLEM
OF
• Trafficking in persons,” “human
trafficking,” and “modern
slavery” are umbrella terms –
often used interchangeably – to
refer to a crime whereby
traffickers exploit and profit at
the expense of adults or
children by compelling them to
perform labor or engage in
commercial sex.
FORCED LABOR

• Forced Labor, sometimes also referred to as labor

trafficking, encompasses the range of activities
involved when a person uses force, fraud, or
coercion to exploit the labor or services of
another person.
There are certain types of forced labor that are frequently
distinguished for emphasis or because they are widespread:

Domestic Servitude

Forced Child Labor

Sex Trafficking
DOMESTIC
SERVI T UDE
• “Domestic servitude” is a
form of forced labor in
which the trafficker
requires a victim to perform
work in a private residence.
FORCED CHILD
LABOR
• The term “forced child
labor” describes forced
labor schemes in which
traffickers compel children
to work.
 SEX TRAFFICKING

• Sex trafficking encompasses the

range of activities involved when
a trafficker uses force, fraud, or
coercion to compel another person
to engage in a commercial sex act
or causes a child to engage in a
commercial sex act.
PROSECUTION,
PROTECTION,
PREVENTION, AND
PA RT N E R S H I P - T H E “ 3 P ”
PA R A D I G M

• continues to serve as the

fundamental framework used
around the world to combat
human trafficking.
 HUMAN TRAFFICKING
VS. MIGRANT
SMUGGLING
• Human trafficking is distinct from the separate crime of migrant
smuggling. Human trafficking occurs when a trafficker uses force,
fraud, or coercion to compel another person to work or engage in a
commercial sex act.
• By contrast, migrant smugglers engage in the crime of bringing people
across international borders through deliberate evasion of immigration
laws. While these are distinct crimes, individuals who are smuggled
may become vulnerable to and victims of human trafficking.
ACT: Recruiting, Transporting ,Harboring, Receiving

MEANS: Threat, Force Abduction, Deception, Abuse of

power, Giving payment/benefits

PURPOSE: Exploitation
I N T E G R AT I O N

• Integration is the delicate, critical transition of the

migrant from outsider to insider - the process by
which migrants become a part of their new
community.
 • There are two parties
involved in the integration
HOW DOES processes: the immigrants,
with their characteristics,
I N T E G R AT I efforts, and adaptation, and
ON WORK? the receiving society, with its
interactions with these
newcomers and their
institutions.
  Offer a vision for both immigrants and

SOME KEY receiving societies

ELEMENTS  Coordinate with immigration policies

T H AT A P P E A R  Promote integration policies that

IN acknowledge diversity
SUCCESSFUL  Provide for national realities

I N T E G R AT I O N  Understand the importance of urban areas

POLICIES ARE  Recognize the local context

THOSE:  Involve non-governmental organizations

 Delegate authority appropriately

D ATA S O U R C E S
 The main sources for migrant
integration data are censuses and
household surveys, particularly labor
force surveys and living conditions
surveys. These sources contain data
that can be used to measure migrant
integration across a range of areas.
MIGRANT
INTEGRATION
 The process by which
migrants become accepted
into society, both as
individuals and as groups...
Key areas include:

Labor Social
Education Health
Market inclusion

Civic
Cultural Financial Spatial
inclusion/e
Inclusion inclusion inclusion
ngagement

Public Role of
opinion media
 covers 56 of the world’s leading migrant-
destination countries, assigning each a ranking
MIGRANT across eight policy areas to determine an overall
score regarding how well they integrate migrants.
I N T E G R AT I O
N POLICY describes itself as the “most comprehensive,
reliable and used tool” to measure the integration
policies of countries around the world.
INDEX
A unique tool that measures policies to integrate
(MIPEX) migrants in all EU Member States, Australia,
Canada, Iceland, Japan, South Korea, New
Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, and the
USA.
TH A NK
YO U!