CALCULUS 1

INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONS

PRESENTED BY AILEEN JOY V. CASTILLO, LPT

 OBJECTIVES
◆ Discuss the concept of functions
◆ Differentiate relations vs
functions
◆ Discuss function of the variables
and examples
◆ Discuss kind of functions
 FUNCTION
• The concept of a “function” is one of the most
basic in all of mathematics.
• The meaning of the word “function” has evolved
and changed during the last three centuries. Its
modern meaning is much broader and deeper
than its elementary meaning from earlier days.
Definition of a Function:
• It is a relation define as a set of ordered pairs (x, y)
where no two or more distinct ordered pairs have the
same first element (x).
• Every value of x corresponds to a unique value of y
 FUNCTION
RELATIONS versus FUNCTIONS
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
 FUNCTION
Function of a variable
• A function is a rule that associates, with each
variable x in a certain set, exactly one value of
another variable y.
• y – is called dependent variable
• x – is called the independent variable
• The independent variable is also called the
argument of the function, and the dependent
variable is called the value of the function
 FUNCTION
• Domain of the function – is the set from which the
values of x can be chosen.
• Range of the function – the set of all corresponding
values of y.

For example:
the area A of a square is a function of the length s of a
side of the square, and that function can be expressed
by the formula .
Here, s is the independent variable
and A is the dependent variable
 FUNCTION
Other examples:
 FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 6.2: Let g be the function defined by the
formula g(x) = for all real numbers.

a) Find g(1)
b) Find g(-2)
c) For any number a, Find g(a+1)
 FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 6.3
FUNCTION
 FUNCTION

Find
 FUNCTION
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
Elementary functions - fundamental pool of
functions.
• Either they are generated from a real variable
x by the fundamental operations of algebra, including
powers and roots, or they have relatively simple
geometric interpretations
1. Polynomial functions have the form
 FUNCTION
• The fundamental theorem of algebra states that in
the field of complex numbers every polynomial
equation has at least one root.

As a consequence of this theorem, it can be proved

that every nth degree polynomial has n roots in the
complex field. When complex numbers are admitted,
the polynomial theoretically may be expressed as the
product of n linear factors; with our restriction to real
numbers, it is possible that 2k of the roots may be
complex. In this case, the k factors generating them will
be quadratic.
 FUNCTION
2. Algebraic functions are functions y = f (x)
satisfying an equation of the form

3. Transcendental functions are functions which

are not algebraic, i.e., they do not satisfy equations
of the form as above.
 EXERCISES/activity 1
LET f(x) = - 4x + 5
Evaluate
1. f (5);
2. f (−5);
3. f (−x);
4. f (x + 3);
5. f (x −3);
If f(x) = - 4x + 100
6. f (x + h); 9. Show that f (1/2) = f (7/2 )
7. f (x + h) − f (x) 10. Show that f(2–h )= f(2+h)

8.