HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

AND THEIR FORMWORK

MMBC - VIII
INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION
• Emporis standards-
“A multi- story structure between 35-100 m tall or a building of unknown
height from 12 – 39 floors is termed as high rise”

• The international conference on fire safety-

“Any structure where the height can have a serious impact on evacuation”

• Building code of Hyderabad, India –

“A high rise building is one with 4 floors or more or 150 m or more in
height”

• Massachusetts, United States general laws –

“A high rise is being higher than 70 feet (21 m)”
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• There are 3 major factors to consider in the design of all structures
-Strength
-Rigidity
-Stability

• As height increase, the rigidity and stability requirements become more

important, and they are often the dominant factors in the design. So, Rigid structure to increase stability
- The size of the members may be increased above and beyond the
strength requirements
- Change the form of the structure into something more rigid and stable to
confine the deformation and increase stability
-P - ∆ effect, In which the eccentricity of the gravity load increases to such a
magnitude that it brings about the collapse of the columns as a result of
axial loads
- Therefore, an important stability criterion is to assure that predicted wind
loads should be below the load corresponding to the stability limit
- The second consideration is to limit the lateral deflection to a level that
will ensure that architectural finishes and partitions are not damaged
Variation of wind velocity with height
FORMWORK FOR HIGHRISE BUILDINGS
• The selection of formwork systems in high-rise
buildings is often governed by their competence in
optimizing concrete activities in an isolated manner,
without relating this choice to the entire construction
workflow.
• Advanced high-rise formwork technologies have an
upper hand over the regular ones.
• The importance of advanced high-rise formwork
systems in streamlining the workflow of concrete and
other downstream activities allows for a better high
rise structure allowing for better resource allocation.
• Additionally, there is more waste reduction, smaller
work batches, less inventory, and safer working
environment.
 FORMWORK SELECTION PARAMETERS
Construction of high-rise buildings requires innovative formwork system technologies to overcome the limitations of space,
budget, and time. However, many parameters affect the choice of formwork systems and are mainly divided into internal
and external parameters as shown below.
Internal Parameters External Parameters
Geometry Repetitive Simple / complex Space Constraint of existing road or
Changing geometry building
Storage area
Assembly area
Concrete Rate of pouring/ concrete pressure Wind Wind load
Concrete Finish
Curing time
Sequence of Cycle time Crane Capacity
work Availability
Type
Boom reach
Formwork Existing formwork material to be Safety Special requirements needed
choice reused Rental or purchase

Best value for current project v/s

Flexibility for future projects
Construction Milestone
Planning Working schedule/shifts
Project duration
Holidays
Local rules PermitsRestricted
and Noise
regulations Safety requirements
TYPES OF FORMWORK
1. SLIP FORMWORK
•Slip formwork is a construction method in which concrete is poured into a continuosly
moving form
•Basically, this method involves the continuous placing of concrete in a shallow mould
having the same plan as the building to be constructed.
•This rigid mould or slip form forms the working deck which is jacked slowly upwards at a
controlled rate until the required elevation is reached
•Method of vertically extruding a reinforced concrete section and is suitable for
construction of core walls in high ride structures, lift shafts, stair shafts, towers
•The formwork rises continuously at a rate of about 300 mm per hour, supporting itself on
the core and not relying on support or access from other parts of the building or
permanent works
•Allows for continuous pouring of concrete into walls of a structure and only stops when
the full required height of the structure has been reached
•The height of the formwork is designed in such a way that while the top of the formwork
is being filled by concrete the lowest layer of concrete poured earlier has already gained
an initial set
•When the formwork is moved upwards the concrete that is then exposed remains firm.

Slip Formwork
2. JUMP FORMWORK
•Generally the jump form systems comprises the formwork and
working platforms for cleaning/fixing of the formwork, steel fixing
and concreting
•Jump form, often described as climbing form, it is suitable for
construction of multi – floor vertical concrete elements in high –
rise structures such as shear walls, core walls , lift shafts, stair
shafts and bridge pylons
•It is highly productive system designed to increase speed and
efficiency while minimizing labor and time

3. CLIMB FORM CONSTRUCTION

Jump Formwork
•It is a special type formwork for vertical concrete structures that
rises with the building process.
•It is economical, rapid and accurate method of constructing
reinforced concrete or post tensioned concrete structures
•At its most basic level, climb forming is a type of movable
formwork which is slowly raised, allowing continuous extrusion of
concrete
•Effective solution for buildings that are either very repetitive in
form (such as towers or skyscrapers) or that require a seamless
wall structure

Climb form construction

4. TABLE FORM/ FLYING FORM WORK
•A table form work is a large pre – assembled formwork and falsework unit, often forming a
complete bay of suspended floor slab
•It offers mobility and quick installation for construction projects with regular plan layouts or
long repetitive structures so it is highly suitable for flat slab and beam layouts
•It is routinely used for residential, hotels, hostels, offices and commercial buildings
TABLE/ FLYING FORMWORK

5. SYSTEM COLUMN FORMWORK

•The column formwork systems now available are normally modular in nature and allow
assembly and erection on site while minimizing labor and crane time
•They are available in steel. Aluminum and even cardboard (not reusable but recyclable) and
have a variety of internal face surfaces depending on the concrete finish required
•Innovations have led to adjustable, reusable column form which can be clamped on site to give
different column size SYSTEM COLUMN FORMWORK

6. TUNNEL FORMWORK
•Tunnel formwork is used to form repetitive cellular structures and is widely recognized as a
modern innovation that enables that construction of horizontal and vertical elements together
•Significant productivity benefits have been achieved by using tunnel form to construct cellular
buildings such as hotels, low and high rise housing, hostels, student accommodation, prison and
barracks accommodation
TUNNEL FORMWORK
ISSUES
1. FUNDS - Cost is a major factor.
2. LOCAL RULES AND REGULATIONS - Planning permission, often there will be certain rules to comply to when using a certain amour of
space
3. PLANNING
One of the biggest problems in construction of a skyscraper is planning. To construct a small house you need a progress schedule. To
build a skyscraper you need a critical path schedule. Usually a tall building is built in a high density area and street traffic has to be taken
into consideration for delivery of materials and erection of scaffolding and cranes.
4 .LIGHTING - Shadows can cast over other buildings and mess with light levels.
5. MATERIAL USED - Materials being Able to take certain strains
6. DESIGN FOR LATERAL FORCES
With really high buildings the wind and temperature becomes a major factor, and the building needs to accommodate for the sway
and stretch of the skyscraper.
7. AXIAL SHORTENING OF VERTICAL MEMBERS
In a tall building, you'll have the issues of axial shortening (from elastic deformation and creep) which could introduce additional P-
Delta effects to design against and affect the centre of gravity of the building. To address this, you'd have to have a look at the
construction program and ensure that the shortening effects in columns/walls are relatively equal across the board.
8. Load bearing capacity of the soil.
9. Social, cultural, political, and historic issues.
10. Availability of labor and resources.
11. Risk of earthquakes and extreme weather.
MATERIALS
REQUIREMENTS
•In general, for high rise buildings the resistance to overturning moment and lateral deflection will almost
always require additional material over and above that required gravity load alone
•The material required for floor framing is a function of the column to column span and not building
height
•However the material required for the vertical system, such as columns and walls in high rise structures is
substantially more than that of low rise building
•The material increases in the ration (n + 1)/2, where n is the number of floors, because the vertical
components carrying the gravity loads will need to be strengthened for full height of the building ,
requiring more vertical steel than a one – storey structure having the same floor area
TYPES
•The structural materials used in high-rise buildings are typically one or a combination of (reinforced or
pre-stressed) concrete, structural steel and composite systems.
•Structural material systems for high-rise buildings should be chosen by carefully considering architectural,
economical and site factors. The economic drivers vary by geography as the relative costs of material,
labour, time and space vary from one location to another.
•Other factors to consider in choosing the structural material include: local market preference/availability;
project size/height; building form (regular vs complex); design considerations (fire performance, dynamic
performance, adaptability, and the like); site location/access; and speed of construction.
CONCLUSION
• The spurt in high-rise projects around the country has been instrumental in giving the much needed fillip to climbing
formwork systems.
• With a perceptible shift in buyer behaviour, contractors today have today become aware that the significant cost and
time saving accrued due to the use of formwork systems; can help offset the perceived high initial capital, in a rather
quick period of time.
• Rental companies too have taken a clue from the market trends and are today incorporating formwork as part of their
product portfolio in increasing numbers.
• With newer high-rise projects being launched, almost every alternate day, the market for formwork systems, is expected
to quite literally, touch dizzy heights in the next few years.

SOURCE :
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-major-problem-faced-and-presented-to-constructing-skyscrapers-that-non-high-
rise-buildings-do-not-face-in-their-constructions
https://www.slideshare.net/aks254447/highrise-structural-systems
https://www.slideshare.net/MSulmanSarwar/highrise-buildings-43531318
https://www.slideshare.net/ctm2015vnit/high-rise-building-construction
CASE STUDY 1 - MIVAN TECHNOLOGY
MIVAN TECHNOLOGY
It is a precision-engineered formwork fabricated in
Aluminium and how the uses of mivan, can save time and
money for a multi-crore project.

INTRODUCTION
The most effective means available for the construction of
high, medium and low rise mass housing R/C structures.
Mivan Shuttering
It is a precision-engineered formwork fabricated in
Aluminium, monolithic pouring. Walls, columns, slabs &
beam are poured together.
It is flexible in design and can form any architectural or
structural configuration, such as stairs, bay windows,
curved features, etc.

Mivan shuttering concrete pouring

WORKING OF MIVAN
Step 1: Detail Drawing of Mock
up Shuttering. Make sure the
building architectural
&structural details shall be
freeze before fabrication of
Aluminium Shuttering. It could
be cumbersome while
executing the works if there is
any revision in drawing
Step 2: After surveyor
provides marking on
columns then
reinforcement of columns
work start after that fixing
of mivan shuttering on
column is done.
Step 3: Fixing of Slab Panels
after erection of vertical
wall panels then
reinforcement of beams,
slab and conduting work is
done.
Step 4: We can start
concreting work after slab
shuttering & conduting
work is done.

The complete work of

The plan of Tower E building The fixing of mivan plate on reinforcement of beam, The concreting work of
column. slab, mivan shuttering of column, beams and slab.
slab panels and conduting
works.
FEATURES OF MIVAN FORMWORK
1. Sheet Thickness & Panel Sizes 4. Striking time
•The concrete face of panels (Al Sheet) is 4 mm thick. •Vertical (Wall) Formwork – 12 hours after concreting or when
•Standard sizes of Panels are: concrete strength has reached 2N/mm2.
2000x600,2000x300,1200x300,850x300. •Horizontal (Deck) Formwork – 36 hours after concreting or when
•Apart from above any size as required shall be manufactured and concrete strength has reached 10N/mm2.
delivered.
5. Pouring System
2. Load Carrying Capacity •Monolithic pouring for:
•High load carrying capacity of 7-8 Tonnes Per square meter Slabs
Weight Walls
•Light weight is the main advantage over conventional formwork Columns
technology. Beams
•Aluminium formwork weighs around 18-20 kg per meter square.
6. Durability
3. Cycle Time •The panels are made out of Structural Grade Aluminium alloy.
•High speed of construction can be achieved by this system that •Around 200 repetitions can be achieved while using Aluminium
means faster completion of project. Formwork System.
•7 Days per floor.
BEAM COMPONENTS

Prop Head Beam Side Panel Beam Soffit Bulkhead Beam Soffit Panel

DECK COMPONENTS

Deck Mid –Beam Soffit Length Deck Prop

Prop Length Deck Panel
OTHER COMPONENTS Internal Corner

Internal Soffit Corner External Soffit Corner External Corner

WALL
COMPONENTS

Wall Panel Kicker Rocker

FORMWORK ASSEMBLY
CONCLUSION

Concrete construction has gone through significant changes since the early 1990s and continues to develop innovation
in formwork.
Some of the pioneering companies in modern form working system are peri, doca system, outinord, meva, acrow.
We thus infer that mivan formwork construction is able to provide high quality construction at unbelievable speed at
reasonable cost.
This mivan technology has great potential for application in India to provide affordable housing to its rising population.